I. Reading 阅读

Tony and Tina are very different. Tony
likes music. Tina doesn't. Tony is an athlete.
Tina isn't.
On the other hand, Tina likes movies, but Tony doesn't. She is a good student, but he
isn't.
Tony and Tina are brother and sister, but are they alike? No, they aren't. They're very different.
托尼和蒂娜非常不同。托尼喜欢音乐，蒂娜却不喜欢。托尼是个运动员，蒂娜则不是。
另一方面，蒂娜喜欢电影，但托尼则不喜欢。她是好学生，但他却不是。
托尼和蒂娜是兄妹，但他们相似吗?不，他们不相似。他们大不相同。

II. Vocabulary&Idloms单词短语注解

1. different ['dɪfrənt] a.不同的
   例：A horse and a mule are very different.
   (岛和骡大不相同。)
2. like [laɪk] vt. 喜欢
   例：The little boy likes ice cream very much,
   (那小男孩很喜欢冰淇淋。)
3. music ['mjuzɪk] n.音乐(不可数)
4. athlete ['æθlit] n.运动员
5. movie ['muvi] n.电影
6. but [bʌt] conj. 但是
   例: Fred is poor, but he is happy.
   (弗雷德很穷，但他却很快乐。)
7. alike [ə'laɪk] a.相同的，相似的
   使用本单词时，不可置于名词前。
   例：John and Peter are alike brothers.(X)
   →John and Peter are alike in many ways.(O)
   (约翰和彼得在许多方面很相似。)

III. Grammar Points语法重点

本课介绍省略句的形成，不定冠词a及an的用法，介词短语on the other hand的用法，及表示相对关系的名词之前省略冠词的用法。

1. Tony likes music. Tina doesn't.
   (托尼喜欢音乐,蒂娜却不喜欢。)
   Tony is an athlete. Tina isn't,
   (托尼是个运动员，蒂娜则不是。)
   以上两句中的。" Tina doesn't."及" Tina isn't."均为省略句。省略句的功能就是省略两句重复的部分，使句子结构简单又不失清楚的涵义。省略句形成的先决条件是：
   a. 两句的结构必须相同(亦即两句有相同的时态及动词)，第二句方可形成省略句。
   b. 第一句若为肯定句，第二句则为否定句；第一句若为否定句，第二句则为肯定句。
   形态有三：
   a. be动词
   例: He is a good student. She **is not **a good student.
   →He is a good student. She isn't.
   = He is a good student, but she isn't.
   (他是好学生，但她却不是。)
   b. 助动词(如can、will 等)
   例：He cannot do it. She can do it.
   → He cannot do it. She can.
   =He cannot do it. but she can.
   (他不能做这事,但她却能。)
   c、动词
   此时省略句要按主语的人称分置助动词do或does，用来代替第一句中的动词。

例: He likes music. I do not like music.
→He likes music. I don't.
= He likes music, but I don't.
(他喜欢音乐，但我却不喜欢。)
I do not like music. He likes music.
I do not like music. He does.
= I don't like music, but he does.
(我不喜欢音乐，但他却喜欢。)

2. Tony is an athlete.
   (托尼是个运动员。)
   注意上旬名词athlete之前的冠词是an而非a。
   a. 一般而言，可数名词若为单数形时，之前要有不定冠词(a, an)表示单数的概念。
   例：This is book. ( X )
   → This is a book. ( O )
   (这是一本书。)
   There is ox there. (X)
   →There is an ox there.（O）
   (那里有只公牛。)
   b. a置于辅音起首的单词前，而an则置于元音起首的单词前。
   book [buk], ox [ aks ], athlete ['æθlit]
   由上列音标得知book起首为辅音，ox与athlete为元音，故应说a book、an ox、an athlete。
3. On the other hand, Tina likes movies, but Tony doesn't.
   (另一方面，蒂娜喜欢电影，但托尼则不喜欢。)
   on the other hand是介词短语，表示“另一方面来说”或“话又说回来”，有副词的功能，通常置于句首，修饰整个句子。
   例：He is poor at English. On the other hand, he speaks French very well.
   (他英文很差。但话又说回来，他法语讲得很好。)
   4.Tina doesn't.(蒂娜则不。
   =Tina does not.
   Tina isn't.(蒂娜不是。)
   = Tina is not.
   No, they aren't.(不，他们不是。)
   = No, they are not.
   They're very different.(他们大不相同。)
   = They are very different.
   以上各句旨在强调be动词及助动词do(与
   I、they、you、we或其他复数主语并用)、does(与he、she、it或其他单数主语并用)与not的缩写形。这种缩写在英文的写作或口语中极为普遍。
   a. be动词与not并用时
   is not → isn't ['ɪznt]
   are not → aren't [ɑrnt]
   am not 无缩写形。
   例：He is not a teacher.
   =He isn't a teacher.
   (他不是老师。)
   They are not happy.
   = They aren't happy.
   (他们不快乐。)
   b. do、does与not并用时：
   do not → don't [dont]
   does not → doesn't ['dʌznt]
   例：They do not like music.
   =They don't like music.
   (他们不喜欢音乐。)
   I do not like coffee.
   = I don't like coffee.
   (我不喜欢咖啡。)
   She does not like tea.
   = She doesn't like tea.
   (她不喜欢茶。)
4. They are brother and sister.
   (他们是兄妹/姐弟。)
   上句中brother与sister是可数名词，
   照理本句应为
   They are a brother and a sister.
   但两个名词所表示的是相对的关系，如父子、兄妹、母子等，这些名字之前的不定冠词就应省略。故我们应说：
   They are brother and sister/ mother and son/ father and daughter/ teacher and student.
   (他们是兄妹/母子/父女/师生。)

IV. Substitution 替换

1. He likes music.
   I like tea.
   They like coffee.
   (他喜欢音乐。)
   (我喜欢茶。)
   (他们喜欢咖啡。)
2. Tina isn't an athlete.
   They aren't musicians.
   I am not a movie star.
   (蒂娜不是运动员。)
   (他们不是音乐家。)
   (我不是电影明星。)
3. He doesn't like movies.
   They don't like music.
   I don't speak Chinese.
   (他不喜欢电影。)
   (他们不喜欢音乐。)
   (我不会说中文。)

音频链接：

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