孤儿作品~Orphan Work

孤儿作品是受版权保护的作品，只是这些作品的权利持有者的确不能确定，或者无法联系。 有时候，能得知原创人或权利持有者的姓名，但是由于找不到其他详细信息，因而无法联系到他们。 版权拥有者不知道自己作品的存在，或其主体灭亡（例如，死亡或公司已倒闭）可能会使其成为孤立作品，并且确认其继承也是不可行的。 在许多情况下，全面勤勉的研究也无法确定作品的作者、创作者或原创者。

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An orphan work is a copyright-protected work for which rights holders are positively indeterminate or uncontactable. Sometimes the names of the originators or rights holders are known, yet it is impossible to contact them because additional details cannot be found. A work can become orphaned through rights holders being unaware of their holding, or by their demise (e.g. deceased persons or defunct companies) and establishing inheritance has proved impracticable. In other cases, comprehensively diligent research fails to determine any authors, creators or originators for a work.