在编写测试用例之前，我们应该了解 API 的详细信息。使用 Web 调试代理工具（如Charles，Fiddler）捕获 HTTP 是一个不错的选择。
httprunner 提供一个命令行工具har2case，用于将抓包工具导出的 har 文件转化为 httprunner 格式的用例，并加上了一些简单的断言。
通过这种方式可以实现录制界面操作并生成测试用例。
录制
这是一个简单的示例，你可以访问 postman-echo.com 中的示例请求来尝试这个案例。
1. 抓包
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2. 导出 har
选择捕获的请求和响应，并 HTTP请求信息.har文件。
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3. Fiddler 保存 har
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4. 通过har2case命令生成用例
获取.har文件后，可以使用内置命令har2case将其转换为 HttpRunner 测试用例。
har2case 命令帮助：
$ har2case -h
usage: har2case har2case [-h] [-2y] [-2j] [--filter FILTER]
[--exclude EXCLUDE]
[har_source_file]
positional arguments:
har_source_file 指定 .har 源文件
optional arguments:
-h, --help 显示此帮助信息并退出
-2y, --to-yml, --to-yaml
转换为 YAML 格式的用例，
如果你没有特殊指定，默认转化为 pytest 格式的用例
-2j, --to-json 转换为 JSON 格式的用例，
如果你没有特殊指定，默认转化为 pytest 格式的用例
--filter FILTER 指定过滤关键字，只有包含过滤字符串的 url 的 API 才会被转换
--exclude EXCLUDE 指定忽略关键字，如果 url 包含该关键字，则会被忽略，
如果需要过滤多个关键字，使用`|`（竖线）分隔
生成用例
1. pytest 格式用例
从 HttpRunner 3.0.7 开始，默认情况下har2case会将 HAR 文件转换为 pytest 格式的用例。
强烈建议以
pytest格式而不是以前的YAML/JSON格式编写和维护测试用例。
$ har2case har/postman-echo-post-form.har
2020-06-15 15:08:01.187 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:gen_testcase:332 - Start to generate testcase from har/postman-echo-post-form.har
2020-06-15 15:08:01.187 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:_make_testcase:323 - Extract info from HAR file and prepare for testcase.
2020-06-15 15:08:01.191 | INFO | httprunner.loader:load_dot_env_file:130 - Loading environment variables from /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/.env
2020-06-15 15:08:01.191 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: USERNAME
2020-06-15 15:08:01.191 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: PASSWORD
2020-06-15 15:08:01.193 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:310 - start to make testcase: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman-echo-post-form.har
2020-06-15 15:08:01.193 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:383 - generated testcase: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
2020-06-15 15:08:01.194 | INFO | httprunner.make:format_pytest_with_black:147 - format pytest cases with black ...
reformatted /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
1 file reformatted.
2020-06-15 15:08:01.469 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:gen_testcase:353 - generated testcase: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
生成的 pytest 文件为如下所示的标准 Python 文件：
# NOTE: Generated By HttpRunner v3.0.12
# FROM: har/postman-echo-post-form.har
from httprunner import HttpRunner, Config, Step, RunRequest, RunTestCase
class TestCasePostmanEchoPostForm(HttpRunner):
config = Config("testcase description").verify(False)
teststeps = [
Step(
RunRequest("/get")
.get("https://postman-echo.com/get")
.with_params(**{"foo1": "bar1", "foo2": "bar2"})
.with_headers(
**{
"User-Agent": "PostmanRuntime/7.24.1",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
"Postman-Token": "6606343b-10e5-4165-a89f-6c301b762ce0",
"Host": "postman-echo.com",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Cookie": "sails.sid=s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU",
}
)
.with_cookies(
**{
"sails.sid": "s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
}
)
.validate()
.assert_equal("status_code", 200)
.assert_equal('headers."Content-Type"', "application/json; charset=utf-8")
.assert_equal(
"body.url", "https://postman-echo.com/get?foo1=bar1&foo2=bar2"
)
),
Step(
RunRequest("/post")
.post("https://postman-echo.com/post")
.with_headers(
**{
"User-Agent": "PostmanRuntime/7.24.1",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
"Postman-Token": "3e408e9d-25ca-4b31-b04b-7f4898a8cd49",
"Host": "postman-echo.com",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Content-Length": "19",
"Cookie": "sails.sid=s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU",
}
)
.with_cookies(
**{
"sails.sid": "s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
}
)
.with_data({"foo1": "bar1", "foo2": "bar2"})
.validate()
.assert_equal("status_code", 200)
.assert_equal('headers."Content-Type"', "application/json; charset=utf-8")
.assert_equal("body.data", "")
.assert_equal("body.url", "https://postman-echo.com/post")
),
]
if __name__ == "__main__":
TestCasePostmanEchoPostForm().test_start()
然后可以使用hrun命令或pytest命令运行。实际上，hrun只是pytest的包装，因此效果基本相同。
$ hrun har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
2020-06-15 15:23:03.502 | INFO | httprunner.loader:load_dot_env_file:130 - Loading environment variables from /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/.env
2020-06-15 15:23:03.502 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: USERNAME
2020-06-15 15:23:03.502 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: PASSWORD
2020-06-15 15:23:03.503 | INFO | httprunner.make:format_pytest_with_black:147 - format pytest cases with black ...
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
1 file left unchanged.
2020-06-15 15:23:03.662 | INFO | httprunner.cli:main_run:56 - start to run tests with pytest. HttpRunner version: 3.0.12
========================== test session starts ==========================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo
plugins: metadata-1.9.0, allure-pytest-2.8.16, html-2.1.1
collected 1 item
har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py . [100%]
=========================== 1 passed in 2.60s =============================
$ pytest har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
=========================== test session starts ===========================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo
plugins: metadata-1.9.0, allure-pytest-2.8.16, html-2.1.1
collected 1 item
har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py . [100%]
============================= 1 passed, 1 warning in 4.11s =============================
2. YAML/JSON 格式用例
当然，也可以生成以前的 YAML/JSON 测试用例格式。只需在har2case中添加-2y/-to-yml或-2j/-to-json参数即可。
$ har2case har/postman-echo-post-form.har -2j
2020-06-15 15:32:02.955 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:gen_testcase:332 - Start to generate testcase from har/postman-echo-post-form.har
2020-06-15 15:32:02.955 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:_make_testcase:323 - Extract info from HAR file and prepare for testcase.
2020-06-15 15:32:02.958 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.utils:dump_json:122 - dump testcase to JSON format.
2020-06-15 15:32:02.959 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.utils:dump_json:131 - Generate JSON testcase successfully: har/postman-echo-post-form.json
2020-06-15 15:32:02.959 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:gen_testcase:353 - generated testcase: har/postman-echo-post-form.json
{
"config": {
"name": "testcase description",
"variables": {},
"verify": false
},
"teststeps": [
{
"name": "/get",
"request": {
"url": "https://postman-echo.com/get",
"params": {
"foo1": "bar1",
"foo2": "bar2"
},
"method": "GET",
"cookies": {
"sails.sid": "s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
},
"headers": {
"User-Agent": "PostmanRuntime/7.24.1",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
"Postman-Token": "6606343b-10e5-4165-a89f-6c301b762ce0",
"Host": "postman-echo.com",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Cookie": "sails.sid=s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
}
},
"validate": [
{
"eq": [
"status_code",
200
]
},
{
"eq": [
"headers.Content-Type",
"application/json; charset=utf-8"
]
},
{
"eq": [
"body.url",
"https://postman-echo.com/get?foo1=bar1&foo2=bar2"
]
}
]
},
{
"name": "/post",
"request": {
"url": "https://postman-echo.com/post",
"method": "POST",
"cookies": {
"sails.sid": "s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
},
"headers": {
"User-Agent": "PostmanRuntime/7.24.1",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
"Postman-Token": "3e408e9d-25ca-4b31-b04b-7f4898a8cd49",
"Host": "postman-echo.com",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Content-Length": "19",
"Cookie": "sails.sid=s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
},
"data": {
"foo1": "bar1",
"foo2": "bar2"
}
},
"validate": [
{
"eq": [
"status_code",
200
]
},
{
"eq": [
"headers.Content-Type",
"application/json; charset=utf-8"
]
},
{
"eq": [
"body.data",
""
]
},
{
"eq": [
"body.url",
"https://postman-echo.com/post"
]
}
]
}
]
}
YAML/JSON 测试用例与 pytest 测试用例具有相同的信息，并且可以使用hrun命令运行 YAML/JSON 测试用例。
$ hrun har/postman-echo-post-form.json
2020-06-15 15:37:15.621 | INFO | httprunner.loader:load_dot_env_file:130 - Loading environment variables from /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/.env
2020-06-15 15:37:15.622 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: USERNAME
2020-06-15 15:37:15.622 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: PASSWORD
2020-06-15 15:37:15.623 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:310 - start to make testcase: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman-echo-post-form.json
2020-06-15 15:37:15.625 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:383 - generated testcase: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
2020-06-15 15:37:15.625 | INFO | httprunner.make:format_pytest_with_black:147 - format pytest cases with black ...
reformatted /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
1 file reformatted, 1 file left unchanged.
2020-06-15 15:37:15.962 | INFO | httprunner.cli:main_run:56 - start to run tests with pytest. HttpRunner version: 3.0.12
================================= test session starts ===============================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo
plugins: metadata-1.9.0, allure-pytest-2.8.16, html-2.1.1
collected 1 item
har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py . [100%]
=============================== 1 passed in 2.03s ===================================
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