准备好测试用例后，可以使用hrun命令运行测试用例。
注意，
hrun是httprunner run的命令别名，具有相同的效果。
$ hrun = httprunner run
注意：目前最新版 3.1.0 版本，测试文件命名不能以test开头，否则
hrun和httprunner run都会报文件格式错误。
HttpRunner 可以以多种方式运行测试用例。
通过指定文件运行用例
你可以通过指定测试用例文件路径来运行单个测试用例：
$ hrun path/to/testcase1.py
还可以同时指定多个文件路径来运行多个测试用例：
$ hrun path/to/testcase1.py path/to/testcase2.py
如果要运行整个项目的测试用例，则可以通过指定项目文件夹路径来实现此目标。
$ hrun path/to/testcase_folder/
运行 YAML/JSON 用例
对于 YAML/JSON 类型的用例，也可以通过hrun命令运行。
hrun会先将 YAML/JSON 类型的用例转化为 pytest 类型的用例，然后再通过 pytest 命令运行用例文件。
相当于这种情况下，hrun 运行 YAML/JSON 用例时相当于执行了两个命令：
make + pytest
在大多数情况下，生成的pytest文件位于原始 YAML/JSON 文件旁边的同一文件夹中，具有相同的文件名，除了添加_test后缀并将扩展名.yml/.yaml/.json替换为.py。
/path/to/example.yml => /path/to/example_test.py
但是，如果测试用例的文件夹名称或文件名包含小数点、短横线、空格之类的符号，则会将这些符号替换为下划线，以避免 python 类导入（测试用例引用）时出现语法错误。
另外，文件/文件夹的名称以数字开头将添加前缀T，因为 python 模块和类名不能以数字开头。
/path 1/a.b-2/3.yml => path_1/a_b_2/T3_test.py
运行 pytest 类型的用例
如果你的测试用例是以 pytest 格式编写的，或者您想运行从 YAML/JSON 测试用例转换而来的 pytest 文件，则 hrun和pytest命令都可以。
你需要记住的是，hrun 仅包装 pytest，因此 pytest 的所有参数都可以与 hrun 一起使用。
$ hrun -h
usage: hrun [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...]
positional arguments:
file_or_dir
general:
-k EXPRESSION only run tests which match the given substring expression. An expression is a python evaluatable expression where all names are
substring-matched against test names and their parent classes. Example: -k 'test_method or test_other' matches all test functions and
classes whose name contains 'test_method' or 'test_other', while -k 'not test_method' matches those that don't contain 'test_method' in
their names. -k 'not test_method and not test_other' will eliminate the matches. Additionally keywords are matched to classes and
functions containing extra names in their 'extra_keyword_matches' set, as well as functions which have names assigned directly to them.
The matching is case-insensitive.
-m MARKEXPR only run tests matching given mark expression. example: -m 'mark1 and not mark2'.
--markers show markers (builtin, plugin and per-project ones).
-x, --exitfirst exit instantly on first error or failed test.
--maxfail=num exit after first num failures or errors.
--strict-markers, --strict
markers not registered in the `markers` section of the configuration file raise errors.
-c file load configuration from `file` instead of trying to locate one of the implicit configuration files.
--continue-on-collection-errors
Force test execution even if collection errors occur.
--rootdir=ROOTDIR Define root directory for tests. Can be relative path: 'root_dir', './root_dir', 'root_dir/another_dir/'; absolute path:
'/home/user/root_dir'; path with variables: '$HOME/root_dir'.
--fixtures, --funcargs
show available fixtures, sorted by plugin appearance (fixtures with leading '_' are only shown with '-v')
--fixtures-per-test show fixtures per test
--import-mode={prepend,append}
prepend/append to sys.path when importing test modules, default is to prepend.
--pdb start the interactive Python debugger on errors or KeyboardInterrupt.
--pdbcls=modulename:classname
start a custom interactive Python debugger on errors. For example: --pdbcls=IPython.terminal.debugger:TerminalPdb
--trace Immediately break when running each test.
--capture=method per-test capturing method: one of fd|sys|no|tee-sys.
-s shortcut for --capture=no.
--runxfail report the results of xfail tests as if they were not marked
--lf, --last-failed rerun only the tests that failed at the last run (or all if none failed)
--ff, --failed-first run all tests but run the last failures first. This may re-order tests and thus lead to repeated fixture setup/teardown
--nf, --new-first run tests from new files first, then the rest of the tests sorted by file mtime
--cache-show=[CACHESHOW]
show cache contents, don't perform collection or tests. Optional argument: glob (default: '*').
--cache-clear remove all cache contents at start of test run.
--lfnf={all,none}, --last-failed-no-failures={all,none}
which tests to run with no previously (known) failures.
--sw, --stepwise exit on test failure and continue from last failing test next time
--stepwise-skip ignore the first failing test but stop on the next failing test
--allure-severities=SEVERITIES_SET
Comma-separated list of severity names. Tests only with these severities will be run. Possible values are: blocker, critical, normal,
minor, trivial.
--allure-epics=EPICS_SET
Comma-separated list of epic names. Run tests that have at least one of the specified feature labels.
--allure-features=FEATURES_SET
Comma-separated list of feature names. Run tests that have at least one of the specified feature labels.
--allure-stories=STORIES_SET
Comma-separated list of story names. Run tests that have at least one of the specified story labels.
--allure-link-pattern=LINK_TYPE:LINK_PATTERN
Url pattern for link type. Allows short links in test, like 'issue-1'. Text will be formatted to full url with python str.format().
reporting:
--durations=N show N slowest setup/test durations (N=0 for all).
-v, --verbose increase verbosity.
-q, --quiet decrease verbosity.
--verbosity=VERBOSE set verbosity. Default is 0.
-r chars show extra test summary info as specified by chars: (f)ailed, (E)rror, (s)kipped, (x)failed, (X)passed, (p)assed, (P)assed with output,
(a)ll except passed (p/P), or (A)ll. (w)arnings are enabled by default (see --disable-warnings), 'N' can be used to reset the list.
(default: 'fE').
--disable-warnings, --disable-pytest-warnings
disable warnings summary
-l, --showlocals show locals in tracebacks (disabled by default).
--tb=style traceback print mode (auto/long/short/line/native/no).
--show-capture={no,stdout,stderr,log,all}
Controls how captured stdout/stderr/log is shown on failed tests. Default is 'all'.
--full-trace don't cut any tracebacks (default is to cut).
--color=color color terminal output (yes/no/auto).
--pastebin=mode send failed|all info to bpaste.net pastebin service.
--junit-xml=path create junit-xml style report file at given path.
--junit-prefix=str prepend prefix to classnames in junit-xml output
--result-log=path DEPRECATED path for machine-readable result log.
--html=path create html report file at given path.
--self-contained-html
create a self-contained html file containing all necessary styles, scripts, and images - this means that the report may not render or
function where CSP restrictions are in place (see https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/Security/CSP)
--css=path append given css file content to report style file.
collection:
--collect-only, --co only collect tests, don't execute them.
--pyargs try to interpret all arguments as python packages.
--ignore=path ignore path during collection (multi-allowed).
--ignore-glob=path ignore path pattern during collection (multi-allowed).
--deselect=nodeid_prefix
deselect item (via node id prefix) during collection (multi-allowed).
--confcutdir=dir only load conftest.py's relative to specified dir.
--noconftest Don't load any conftest.py files.
--keep-duplicates Keep duplicate tests.
--collect-in-virtualenv
Don't ignore tests in a local virtualenv directory
--doctest-modules run doctests in all .py modules
--doctest-report={none,cdiff,ndiff,udiff,only_first_failure}
choose another output format for diffs on doctest failure
--doctest-glob=pat doctests file matching pattern, default: test*.txt
--doctest-ignore-import-errors
ignore doctest ImportErrors
--doctest-continue-on-failure
for a given doctest, continue to run after the first failure
test session debugging and configuration:
--basetemp=dir base temporary directory for this test run.(warning: this directory is removed if it exists)
-V, --version display pytest version and information about plugins.
-h, --help show help message and configuration info
-p name early-load given plugin module name or entry point (multi-allowed). To avoid loading of plugins, use the `no:` prefix, e.g. `no:doctest`.
--trace-config trace considerations of conftest.py files.
--debug store internal tracing debug information in 'pytestdebug.log'.
-o OVERRIDE_INI, --override-ini=OVERRIDE_INI
override ini option with "option=value" style, e.g. `-o xfail_strict=True -o cache_dir=cache`.
--assert=MODE Control assertion debugging tools. 'plain' performs no assertion debugging. 'rewrite' (the default) rewrites assert statements in test
modules on import to provide assert expression information.
--setup-only only setup fixtures, do not execute tests.
--setup-show show setup of fixtures while executing tests.
--setup-plan show what fixtures and tests would be executed but don't execute anything.
pytest-warnings:
-W PYTHONWARNINGS, --pythonwarnings=PYTHONWARNINGS
set which warnings to report, see -W option of python itself.
logging:
--no-print-logs disable printing caught logs on failed tests.
--log-level=LEVEL level of messages to catch/display. Not set by default, so it depends on the root/parent log handler's effective level, where it is
"WARNING" by default.
--log-format=LOG_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-date-format=LOG_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-cli-level=LOG_CLI_LEVEL
cli logging level.
--log-cli-format=LOG_CLI_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-cli-date-format=LOG_CLI_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-file=LOG_FILE path to a file when logging will be written to.
--log-file-level=LOG_FILE_LEVEL
log file logging level.
--log-file-format=LOG_FILE_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-file-date-format=LOG_FILE_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-auto-indent=LOG_AUTO_INDENT
Auto-indent multiline messages passed to the logging module. Accepts true|on, false|off or an integer.
reporting:
--alluredir=DIR Generate Allure report in the specified directory (may not exist)
--clean-alluredir Clean alluredir folder if it exists
--allure-no-capture Do not attach pytest captured logging/stdout/stderr to report
custom options:
--metadata=key value additional metadata.
--metadata-from-json=METADATA_FROM_JSON
additional metadata from a json string.
[pytest] ini-options in the first pytest.ini|tox.ini|setup.cfg file found:
markers (linelist): markers for test functions
empty_parameter_set_mark (string):
default marker for empty parametersets
norecursedirs (args): directory patterns to avoid for recursion
testpaths (args): directories to search for tests when no files or directories are given in the command line.
usefixtures (args): list of default fixtures to be used with this project
python_files (args): glob-style file patterns for Python test module discovery
python_classes (args):
prefixes or glob names for Python test class discovery
python_functions (args):
prefixes or glob names for Python test function and method discovery
disable_test_id_escaping_and_forfeit_all_rights_to_community_support (bool):
disable string escape non-ascii characters, might cause unwanted side effects(use at your own risk)
console_output_style (string):
console output: "classic", or with additional progress information ("progress" (percentage) | "count").
xfail_strict (bool): default for the strict parameter of xfail markers when not given explicitly (default: False)
enable_assertion_pass_hook (bool):
Enables the pytest_assertion_pass hook.Make sure to delete any previously generated pyc cache files.
junit_suite_name (string):
Test suite name for JUnit report
junit_logging (string):
Write captured log messages to JUnit report: one of no|log|system-out|system-err|out-err|all
junit_log_passing_tests (bool):
Capture log information for passing tests to JUnit report:
junit_duration_report (string):
Duration time to report: one of total|call
junit_family (string):
Emit XML for schema: one of legacy|xunit1|xunit2
doctest_optionflags (args):
option flags for doctests
doctest_encoding (string):
encoding used for doctest files
cache_dir (string): cache directory path.
filterwarnings (linelist):
Each line specifies a pattern for warnings.filterwarnings. Processed after -W/--pythonwarnings.
log_print (bool): default value for --no-print-logs
log_level (string): default value for --log-level
log_format (string): default value for --log-format
log_date_format (string):
default value for --log-date-format
log_cli (bool): enable log display during test run (also known as "live logging").
log_cli_level (string):
default value for --log-cli-level
log_cli_format (string):
default value for --log-cli-format
log_cli_date_format (string):
default value for --log-cli-date-format
log_file (string): default value for --log-file
log_file_level (string):
default value for --log-file-level
log_file_format (string):
default value for --log-file-format
log_file_date_format (string):
default value for --log-file-date-format
log_auto_indent (string):
default value for --log-auto-indent
faulthandler_timeout (string):
Dump the traceback of all threads if a test takes more than TIMEOUT seconds to finish. Not available on Windows.
addopts (args): extra command line options
minversion (string): minimally required pytest version
render_collapsed (bool):
Open the report with all rows collapsed. Useful for very large reports
environment variables:
PYTEST_ADDOPTS extra command line options
PYTEST_PLUGINS comma-separated plugins to load during startup
PYTEST_DISABLE_PLUGIN_AUTOLOAD set to disable plugin auto-loading
PYTEST_DEBUG set to enable debug tracing of pytest's internals
to see available markers type: pytest --markers
to see available fixtures type: pytest --fixtures
(shown according to specified file_or_dir or current dir if not specified; fixtures with leading '_' are only shown with the '-v' option
执行日志
默认情况下，hrun 不会打印请求和响应数据的详细信息。
如果要查看请求和响应数据、提取和验证的详细信息，则可以添加参数-s（--capture = no的快捷方式）。
hrun -s examples/postman_echo/request_methods/request_with_functions.yml
2020-06-17 15:42:54.369 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:317 - start to make testcase: /Users/debugtalk/MyProjects/HttpRunner-dev/HttpRunner/examples/postman_echo/request_methods/request_with_functions.yml
2020-06-17 15:42:54.369 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:390 - generated testcase: /Users/debugtalk/MyProjects/HttpRunner-dev/HttpRunner/examples/postman_echo/request_methods/request_with_functions_test.py
2020-06-17 15:42:54.370 | INFO | httprunner.make:format_pytest_with_black:154 - format pytest cases with black ...
reformatted /Users/debugtalk/MyProjects/HttpRunner-dev/HttpRunner/examples/postman_echo/request_methods/request_with_functions_test.py
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
1 file reformatted, 1 file left unchanged.
2020-06-17 15:42:54.699 | INFO | httprunner.cli:main_run:56 - start to run tests with pytest. HttpRunner version: 3.0.13
=========================== test session starts ===========================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /Users/debugtalk/MyProjects/HttpRunner-dev/HttpRunner
plugins: metadata-1.9.0, allure-pytest-2.8.16, html-2.1.1
collected 1 item
examples/postman_echo/request_methods/request_with_functions_test.py 2020-06-17 15:42:55.017 | INFO | httprunner.runner:test_start:435 - Start to run testcase: request methods testcase with functions, TestCase ID: cc404c49-000f-485c-b4c1-ac3367a053fe
2020-06-17 15:42:55.018 | INFO | httprunner.runner:__run_step:278 - run step begin: get with params >>>>>>
2020-06-17 15:42:56.326 | DEBUG | httprunner.client:log_print:40 -
================== request details ==================
method : GET
url : https://postman-echo.com/get?foo1=bar11&foo2=bar21&sum_v=3
headers : {
"User-Agent": "HttpRunner/3.0.13",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"HRUN-Request-ID": "HRUN-cc404c49-000f-485c-b4c1-ac3367a053fe-775018",
"Content-Length": "2",
"Content-Type": "application/json"
}
cookies : {}
body : {}
2020-06-17 15:42:56.327 | DEBUG | httprunner.client:log_print:40 -
================== response details ==================
status_code : 200
headers : {
"Date": "Wed, 17 Jun 2020 07:42:56 GMT",
"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
"Content-Length": "477",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"ETag": "W/\"1dd-2JtBYPcnh8D6fqLz8KFn16Oq1R0\"",
"Vary": "Accept-Encoding",
"set-cookie": "sails.sid=s%3A6J_EtUk3nkL_C2xtx-NtAXrlA5wPxEgk.gIO2yBbtvGWIIgQ%2F2mZhMkU669G3F60cvLAPWbwyoGM; Path=/; HttpOnly"
}
cookies : {
"sails.sid": "s%3A6J_EtUk3nkL_C2xtx-NtAXrlA5wPxEgk.gIO2yBbtvGWIIgQ%2F2mZhMkU669G3F60cvLAPWbwyoGM"
}
encoding : utf-8
content_type : application/json; charset=utf-8
body : {
"args": {
"foo1": "bar11",
"foo2": "bar21",
"sum_v": "3"
},
"headers": {
"x-forwarded-proto": "https",
"x-forwarded-port": "443",
"host": "postman-echo.com",
"x-amzn-trace-id": "Root=1-5ee9c980-d8e98cc72a26ef24f5819ce3",
"content-length": "2",
"user-agent": "HttpRunner/3.0.13",
"accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"accept": "*/*",
"hrun-request-id": "HRUN-cc404c49-000f-485c-b4c1-ac3367a053fe-775018",
"content-type": "application/json"
},
"url": "https://postman-echo.com/get?foo1=bar11&foo2=bar21&sum_v=3"
}
2020-06-17 15:42:56.328 | INFO | httprunner.client:request:203 - status_code: 200, response_time(ms): 1307.33 ms, response_length: 477 bytes
2020-06-17 15:42:56.328 | INFO | httprunner.response:extract:152 - extract mapping: {'foo3': 'bar21'}
2020-06-17 15:42:56.328 | INFO | httprunner.response:validate:209 - assert status_code equal 200(int) ==> pass
2020-06-17 15:42:56.329 | INFO | httprunner.response:validate:209 - assert body.args.foo1 equal bar11(str) ==> pass
2020-06-17 15:42:56.329 | INFO | httprunner.response:validate:209 - assert body.args.sum_v equal 3(str) ==> pass
2020-06-17 15:42:56.329 | INFO | httprunner.response:validate:209 - assert body.args.foo2 equal bar21(str) ==> pass
2020-06-17 15:42:56.330 | INFO | httprunner.runner:__run_step:290 - run step end: get with params <<<<<<
<Omit>
2020-06-17 15:42:57.019 | INFO | httprunner.runner:test_start:444 - generate testcase log: /Users/debugtalk/MyProjects/HttpRunner-dev/HttpRunner/examples/postman_echo/logs/cc404c49-000f-485c-b4c1-ac3367a053fe.run.log
.
=============================== 1 passed in 2.13s ===============================
另外，将为每个测试用例生成一个执行日志文件，位于<Project RootDir> /logs/TestCase.run.log中。
用例 ID 与 请求 ID
当出现错误时，为了更好的定位问题，每个测试用例都会生成一个唯一的ID（uuid4），并且每个请求标头都会自动添加一个带有测试用例ID的HRUN-Request-ID字段。
HRUN-Request-ID = "HRUN-<TestCase ID>-<timestamp_six_digits>"
timestamp_six_digits = str(int(time.time() * 1000))[-6:])
换句话说，一个测试用例中的所有请求将具有相同的HRUN-Request-ID前缀，并且每个请求将具有唯一的HRUN-Request-ID后缀。
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