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2018-10-23

2018-10-23

作者: 自语自乐 | 来源:发表于2018-10-23 23:07 被阅读0次

    列表

    前面两篇文章关于Python最基础的数据,今天这篇文章的主题是列表。

    列表用于有序存储数据,包括数字、字母、字符串等。

    (1)创建与打印列表

    smart_products=['computer','phone','television']

    print(smart_products)

    运行结果:

    ['computer','phone','television']

    打印列表元素:

    print(smart_products[0])

    运行结果:

    computer

    打印列表元素:

    print(smart_products[-1])

    运行结果:

    television

    (2)修改列表元素

    smart_products=['computer','phone','television']

    smart_products[1]='tablet'

    print(smart_products)

    运行结果:

    ['computer','tablet','television']

    (3)添加列表元素

    smart_products=['computer','phone','television']

    smart_products.append('tablet')

    print(smart_products)

    运行结果:

    ['computer','phone','television','tablet']

    插入元素:

    smart_products=['computer','phone','television']

    smart_products.insert(1,'tablet')

    print(smart_products)

    运行结果:

    ['computer','tablet','phone','television']

    (4)删除列表元素

    smart_products=['computer','phone','television']

    del smart_products[1]

    print(smart_products)

    运行结果:

    ['computer','television']

    弹出列表元素:

    smart_products=['computer','phone','television']

    popped_product=smart_products.pop()

    print(smart_products)

    print(popped_product)

    运行结果:

    ['computer','phone']

    television

    根据索引弹出列表元素:

    smart_products=['computer','phone','television']

    popped_product=smart_products.pop(1)

    print(smart_products)

    print(popped_product)

    运行结果:

    ['computer','television']

    phone

    根据值弹删除出列表元素:

    smart_products=['computer','phone','television']

    removed_product='television'

    smart_products.remove(removed_product)

    print(smart_products)

    print(removed_product)

    运行结果:

    ['computer','phone']

    television

    (4)列表排序

    按字母顺序排序:

    internet_giants=['baidu','alibaba','tencent','google','ibm','microsoft','lenovo','apple']

    internet_giants.sort()

    print(internet_giants)

    运行结果:

    ['alibaba','apple','baidu','google','ibm','lenovo','microsoft','tencent']

    倒着按字母顺序排序:

    internet_giants=['baidu','alibaba','tencent','google','ibm','microsoft','lenovo','apple']

    internet_giants.sort(reverse=True)

    print(internet_giants)

    运行结果:

    ['tencent','microsoft','lenovo','ibm','google','baidu','apple','alibaba']

    临时按字母顺序排序:

    internet_giants=['baidu','alibaba','tencent','google','ibm','microsoft','lenovo','apple']

    internet_giants_1=sorted(internet_giants)

    print(internet_giants)

    print(internet_giants_1)

    运行结果:

    ['baidu','alibaba','tencent','google','ibm','microsoft','lenovo','apple']

    ['alibaba','apple','baidu','google','ibm','lenovo','microsoft','tencent']

    倒着按字母顺序临时排序:

    internet_giants=['baidu','alibaba','tencent','google','ibm','microsoft','lenovo','apple']

    internet_giants_1=sorted(internet_giants,reverse=True)

    print(internet_giants)

    print(internet_giants_1)

    运行结果:

    ['baidu','alibaba','tencent','google','ibm','microsoft','lenovo','apple']

    ['tencent','microsoft','lenovo','ibm','google','baidu','apple','alibaba']

    翻转列表:

    internet_giants=['baidu','alibaba','tencent','google','ibm','microsoft','lenovo','apple']

    internet_giants.reverse()

    print(internet_giants)

    运行结果:

    ['apple','lenovo','microsoft','ibm','google','tencent','alibaba','baidu']

    (5)计算列表长度

    internet_giants=['baidu','alibaba','tencent','google','ibm','microsoft','lenovo','apple']

    length=len(internet_giants)

    print(length)

    运行结果:

    8

    (6)使用for循环遍历整个列表

    注意缩进和冒号

    cities=['shanghai','paris','london','new york']

    for city in cities:

        print(city.title())

    运行结果:

    Shanghai

    Paris

    London

    New York

    (7)使用range()和list()创建数值列表

    注意边界

    for number in range(1,7):

        print(number )

    运行结果:

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    创建列表:

    numbers=[]

    for number in range(1,5):

        numbers.append(number )

    print(numbers)

    运行结果:

    [1,2,3,4]

    使用list()创建列表:

    print(list(range(1,5)))

    运行结果:

    [1,2,3,4]

    指定步长:

    print(list(range(1,10,2)))

    运行结果:

    [1,3,5,7,9]

    (8)统计列表

    numbers=list(range(1,10))

    print(min(numbers))

    print(max(numbers))

    print(sum(numbers))

    运行结果:

    1

    9

    45

    (9)列表解析

    numbers=[n**3 for n in range(1,5)]

    print(numbers)

    运行结果:

    1

    8

    27

    64

    (10)列表切片与列表复制

    列表切片:

    fruits=['apple','banana','grape','orange']

    fruits_1=fruits[1:3]

    fruits_2=fruits[1:]

    fruits_3=fruits[:3]

    fruits_4=fruits[-2:]

    print(fruits)

    print(fruits_1)

    print(fruits_2)

    print(fruits_3)

    print(fruits_4)

    运行结果:

    ['apple','banana','grape','orange']

    ['banana','grape']

    ['banana','grape','orange']

    ['apple','banana','grape']

    ['grape','orange']

    复制列表:

    使用切片而非列表名复制列表:

    fruits=['apple','banana','grape','orange']

    fruits_1=fruits[:]

    fruits_1.append('cherry')

    print(fruits_1)运行结果:

    ['apple','banana','grape','orange','cherry']

    今天信息量有点大,回顾了列表的创建、改变、添加、删除,列表本身的排序与字母排序,列表长度的计算,列表的循环遍历,数值列表的创建、简单统计,列表的解析,列表切片与复制。其中,重要的几点有,for循环,del语句,方法append()、insert()、pop()、remove()、sort()、reverse(),函数sorted()、len()、min()、max()、sum()、range()、list()。这些函数和方法在以后的学习中也会经常用到。

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