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【RabbitMQ的那点事】与Spring boot集成(主要是

【RabbitMQ的那点事】与Spring boot集成(主要是

作者: 伊丽莎白2015 | 来源:发表于2022-05-02 23:13 被阅读0次

    本文是RabbitMQ与Spring boot集成示例,实现了三种Exchange类型:

    • DefaultExchange
    • FanoutExchange
    • TopicExchange
      (还有一种HeaderExchange,没有写示例)

    关于Exchange类型介绍,戳:https://www.jianshu.com/p/d9561f13e28b

    文章内容:

    Spring boot集成RabbitMQ

    1. 环境

    1.1 RabbitMQ用的是 3.6.1版本:

    MacBook-Pro% brew install rabbitmq
    Warning: rabbitmq-3.6.1 already installed

    1.2 新建virtual host(不是必须):
    为了不受别的vhost影响,特地新建了一个Virtual host。
    如果在测试中发现遇到connect refued问题,记得给新建的vhost赋上user权限。

    virtual host
    1.3 Spring boot用的是2.5.7版本
    1.4 test用的是spring-boot-starter-test以及junit-juspier:5.7.2
    1.5 引入依赖:
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    

    1.6 新建yaml:

    spring:
      rabbitmq:
        username: guest
        password: guest
        port: 5672
        host: localhost
        virtual-host: spring-boot-test
    

    2. Direct Exchange

    • a. 首先是定义direct queue bean, durable=false,表示当broker重启时,这个queue就会被删除。注:我们application重启并不会影响queue的删除。
    • b. 其次定义一个exchange,类名是DirectExchange,这个类是Spring的org.springframework.amqp.core包里的。
    • c. 绑定是交换器和消息队列之间的关系,告诉交换器如何路有消息。

    // 绑定命令的伪代码
    Queue.Bind <queue> TO <exchange> WHERE <condition>

    在Spring中可以使用BindingBuilder将exchange按routingKey的规则和queue进行绑定。

    • d. 消息的消费端,使用注解@RabbitListener来监听queueName=direct.queue的队列,支持同时监听多个队列。
    @Configuration
    public class DirectExchangeConfig {
        @Bean
        public Queue directqueue() {
            return new Queue("direct.queue", false);
        }
    
        @Bean
        public DirectExchange directExchange() {
            return new DirectExchange("direct.exchange");
        }
    
        @Bean
        public Binding directBinding(Queue directqueue, DirectExchange directExchange) {
            return BindingBuilder.bind(directqueue).to(directExchange).with("direct-routing-key");
        }
    
        @RabbitListener(queues = "direct.queue")
        public void listen(String in) {
            System.out.println("Direct Message Listener: " + in);
        }
    }
    

    消息发送:使用RabbitTemplate进行发送:

    @SpringBootTest
    public class ProducerServiceTest {
        @Autowired
        private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    
        @Test
        public void sendMessageToDirectExchange() {
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("direct.exchange", "direct-routing-key", "hello, i am direct message!");
        }
    }
    

    3. FanoutExchange

    Set fanout exchange,绑定两个queue。利用两个@RabbitListener分别监听这两个queue。
    Spring支持使用Declarables对象来一次性的绑定多条:

    @Configuration
    public class FanoutExchangeConfig {
        @Bean
        public Declarables fanoutBindings() {
            Queue fanoutQueue1 = new Queue("fanout.queue1", true);
            Queue fanoutQueue2 = new Queue("fanout.queue2", true);
            FanoutExchange fanoutExchange = new FanoutExchange("fanout.exchange");
    
            return new Declarables(
                    fanoutQueue1,
                    fanoutQueue2,
                    fanoutExchange,
                    bind(fanoutQueue1).to(fanoutExchange),
                    bind(fanoutQueue2).to(fanoutExchange));
        }
    
        @RabbitListener(queues = {"fanout.queue1"})
        public void receiveMessageFromFanout1(String message) {
            System.out.println("Received fanout 1 message: " + message);
        }
    
        @RabbitListener(queues = {"fanout.queue2"})
        public void receiveMessageFromFanout2(String message) {
            System.out.println("Received fanout 2 message: " + message);
        }
    }
    

    发送消息:

        public void sendMessageToFanoutExchange() {
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanout.exchange", "", "hello, i am fanout message!");
        }
    

    fanout模式下,convertAndSend方法将忽略routingKey。即如果在发送的时候set了routingKey=abc,其实在fanout模式下也没有关系,绑定的queue依然能收到消息。

    也就是说:在发送的时候把routingKey改成abc也不会影响消息的发送:

        public void sendMessageToFanoutExchange() {
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanout.exchange", "abc", "hello, i am fanout message!");
        }
    

    4. Topic Exchange

    @RabbitListener支持同时监听多个queue:

    @Configuration
    public class TopicExchangeConfig {
        @Bean
        public Declarables topicBindings() {
            Queue topicQueue1 = new Queue("topic.queue1", true);
            Queue topicQueue2 = new Queue("topic.queue2", true);
    
            TopicExchange topicExchange = new TopicExchange("topic.exchange");
    
            return new Declarables(
                    topicQueue1,
                    topicQueue2,
                    topicExchange,
                    BindingBuilder
                            .bind(topicQueue1)
                            .to(topicExchange).with("*.important.*"),
                    BindingBuilder
                            .bind(topicQueue1)
                            .to(topicExchange).with("#.error"),
                    BindingBuilder
                            .bind(topicQueue2)
                            .to(topicExchange).with("#.error"));
        }
    
    
        @RabbitListener(queues = {"topic.queue1", "topic.queue2"})
        public void receiveMessageFromTopic(String message) {
            System.out.println("Received topic message: " + message);
        }
    }
    

    发送消息:

        public void sendMessageToTopicExchange() {
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic.exchange", "a.important.b", "important message!");
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic.exchange", "a.error", "error message!");
        }
    

    run程序后,控制台打印:
    Received topic message: important message!
    Received topic message: error message!
    Received topic message: error message!

    按上述配置,使用routingKey=a.important.b发送消息,只有topic.queue1能收到。
    使用routingKey=a.error发送消息,topic.queue1和topic.queue2都能收到。
    这就是为什么会打印出三条消息的原因。


    参考
    baeldung - Messaging with Spring AMQP
    baeldung - RabbitMQ Message Dispatching with Spring AMQP

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