为什么使用倒装?
恰当的使用倒装句,可以
- 强调语气
- 增强清楚性和简洁性
- 更流畅的衔接前后的句子
一. 比较级的倒装
比较 级的句型通常会涉及到两个从句的相互比较。这两个从句间应有重复的部分才能比较。一旦有重复的部分,就有省略的空间。但如果省略不当,就有可能导致句子存在二义性。
特点
- 主语从句中的助动词或be动词不宜省略
- 主语后面有较长的修饰语
分析
- Girls like cats more than boys.
boys可能做主语,也可能做宾语,存在二义性。 - Girls like cats more than boys do.(做主语)
- Girls like cats more than they like boys.(做宾语)
- Girls like cats more than do boys, who as a rule are a cruel a lot.
当后面存在修饰boys的句子的时候,为表达句子的清楚性,有要保持后面的定语从句紧挨现行词,就要使用倒装。
二. 假设语气的倒装
特点
在假设语气的副词从句中(往往由if引导),如果有be动词或者助动词,可以考虑倒装。加强简洁性。
分析
- If I had been there,I could do something to help.(如果当时我在场,就能帮的上忙。)
- Had I been there,I could have do something to help.(加强了简洁性。)
三. 引用句的倒装
特点
直接引句和间接引句都可以使用倒装来突出重点。
分析
- The police said,"None was killed in the accident."(直接引语)
警方说:“这场车祸无人死亡“。 - “None was killed in the accident.” said the police.
大家关心的是police说的话,而不是具体谁说的,使用倒装可以对说的事情起强调作用。
四. 地点副词
特点
地点副词放在句首,类似于there is/are的句型。修辞功能上在于强调语气、衔接上下文。
例句
- There goes the train.(你看,车开走了)
强调了动词goes,表示“正在开走”。 - Here is your ticket for the opera!(你的歌剧票,拿去吧!)
- In Loch Ness dwells a mysterious monster。(尼斯湖里住着一头神秘的水怪。)
在文章The longest suspension bridge in the world里:
He discribed it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hill in the midst of which flowed a great river。
这里使用了倒装,正常语序应该是A great river flowed in the midst of which...
which引导一个定于从句,指代前面的two small hill。
五. 否定副词开头的倒装
特点
如果把表示否定意味的副词(not, never, hardly)挪到句首,就得使用倒装。不同的语序,强调点不一样。
分析
-
We don't have such luck every day.
我们不是每天都有这种运气。 -
Not every day do we have such luck.
(强调“不是每一天”) -
I will not stop waiting for you until you are married.
除非你结婚,否则我会一直等你。 -
Not until you are married will I stop waiting for you.
注意
形成not only...but also ...的相关词组时,严格要求连接的对称。
- Not only did he pass the exam but also scored at the top.(错误示例)
前半句的倒装是对的,错在but后面的成分与前面的不对等。左边he passed the exam 是从句,而右边的scored at the top 却是动词短语。
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