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EventBus主要流程分析

EventBus主要流程分析

作者: 编程的猫 | 来源:发表于2021-08-07 21:48 被阅读0次

    EventBus原理分析概要:
    通过@Subscribe注解标记订阅事件(@Subscribe是一个运行时注解,参数包含订阅方法接收事件所在的线程、优先级、是否为粘性事件)。事件订阅的整个流程可以分为两块:注册注销和发射事件处理事件。

    本篇文章是分析EventBus主体功能流程,像线程切换、优先级、粘性事件本文不做介绍。

    EventBus的使用流程是:注册、发送事件、接收事件、反注册

    以下介绍几个重点对象:

    • 订阅方法对象 SubscriberMethod:包含Method对象、订阅事件类型、订阅优先级、订阅是否粘性、接收订阅事件的线程
    public class SubscriberMethod {
        final Method method;
        final ThreadMode threadMode;
        final Class<?> eventType;
        final int priority;
        final boolean sticky;
        /** Used for efficient comparison */
        String methodString;
    
    • 订阅的事件对象 Subscription:映射订阅类class对象和订阅方法对象
      Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
    final class Subscription {
        final Object subscriber;
        final SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod;
    
    • 订阅类对象和订阅方法集合对象的映射:作用是用来缓存类中的订阅方法集合对象,以免每次当一个类去注册订阅的时候都要遍历所有的方法,直接从缓存中取,提高性能。
      Map<Class订阅类对象,订阅方法集合对象> METHOD_CACHE = new HashMap<>();
     private static final Map<Class<?>, List<Class<?>>> eventTypesCache = new HashMap<>();
    
    • 订阅类对象和订阅事件类型对象的映射
      Map<Class订阅类对象,EventType订阅事件类型对象> typesBySubscriber = new HashMap<>();
    // 订阅类对象和订阅事件类型对象的映射
    Map<Object, List<Class<?>>> typesBySubscriber = new HashMap<>(); 
    
    • 事件类型对象和订阅事件对象集合的映射
      Map<EventType事件类型对象,CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>订阅事件对象集合> subscriptionsByEventType = new HashMap<>();
    // 事件类型对象和订阅事件对象集合的映射
    Map<Class<?>, CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>> subscriptionsByEventType = new HashMap<>();
    

    1. 注册订阅

    怎么注册:

    EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
    

    注册流程的核心方法:

    public void register(Object subscriber) {
            // 得到当前要注册类的Class对象
            Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
            // 根据Class查找当前类中订阅了事件的方法集合,即使用了Subscribe注解、有public修饰符、一个参数的方法
            // SubscriberMethod类主要封装了符合条件方法的相关信息:
            // Method对象、线程模式、事件类型、优先级、是否是粘性事等
            List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
            synchronized (this) {
                // 循环遍历订阅了事件的方法集合,以完成注册
                for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
                    subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
                }
            }
        }
    
    List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
            // METHOD_CACHE是一个ConcurrentHashMap,直接保存了subscriberClass和对应SubscriberMethod的集合,以提高注册效率,赋值重复查找。
            List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
            if (subscriberMethods != null) {
                return subscriberMethods;
            }
            // 由于使用了默认的EventBusBuilder,则ignoreGeneratedIndex属性默认为false,即是否忽略注解生成器
            if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
                subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
            } else {
                subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
            }
            // 如果对应类中没有符合条件的方法,则抛出异常
            if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
                throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
                        + " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
            } else {
                // 保存查找到的订阅事件的方法
                METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
                return subscriberMethods;
            }
        }
    
    private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
            FindState findState = prepareFindState();
            findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
            // 初始状态下findState.clazz就是subscriberClass
            while (findState.clazz != null) {
                findState.subscriberInfo = getSubscriberInfo(findState);
                // 条件不成立
                if (findState.subscriberInfo != null) {
                    SubscriberMethod[] array = findState.subscriberInfo.getSubscriberMethods();
                    for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : array) {
                        if (findState.checkAdd(subscriberMethod.method, subscriberMethod.eventType)) {
                            findState.subscriberMethods.add(subscriberMethod);
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    // 通过反射查找订阅事件的方法
                    findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
                }
                // 修改findState.clazz为subscriberClass的父类Class,即需要遍历父类
                findState.moveToSuperclass();
            }
            // 查找到的方法保存在了FindState实例的subscriberMethods集合中。
            // 使用subscriberMethods构建一个新的List<SubscriberMethod>
            // 释放掉findState
            return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
        }
    
    private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
            Method[] methods;
            try {
                // This is faster than getMethods, especially when subscribers are fat classes like Activities
                methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
            } catch (Throwable th) {
                // Workaround for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus/issues/149
                methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
                findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
            }
            // 循环遍历当前类的方法,筛选出符合条件的
            for (Method method : methods) {
                // 获得方法的修饰符
                int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
                // 如果是public类型,但非abstract、static等
                if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
                    // 获得当前方法所有参数的类型
                    Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
                    // 如果当前方法只有一个参数
                    if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
                        Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
                        // 如果当前方法使用了Subscribe注解
                        if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
                            // 得到该参数的类型
                            Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
                            // checkAdd()方法用来判断FindState的anyMethodByEventType map是否已经添加过以当前eventType为key的键值对,没添加过则返回true
                            if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
                                 // 得到Subscribe注解的threadMode属性值,即线程模式
                                ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
                                // 创建一个SubscriberMethod对象,并添加到subscriberMethods集合
                                findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
                                        subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
                            }
                        }
                    } else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                        String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
                        throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName +
                                "must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length);
                    }
                } else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                    String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
                    throw new EventBusException(methodName +
                            " is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract");
                }
            }
        }
    
    // 真正开始注册
    private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
            // 得到当前订阅了事件的方法的参数类型
            Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
            // Subscription类保存了要注册的类对象以及当前的subscriberMethod
            Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
            // subscriptionsByEventType是一个HashMap,保存了以eventType为key,Subscription对象集合为value的键值对
            // 先查找subscriptionsByEventType是否存在以当前eventType为key的值
            CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
            // 如果不存在,则创建一个subscriptions,并保存到subscriptionsByEventType
            if (subscriptions == null) {
                subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
                subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
            } else {
                if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
                    throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
                            + eventType);
                }
            }
            // 添加上边创建的newSubscription对象到subscriptions中
            int size = subscriptions.size();
            for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
                if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
                    subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
                    break;
                }
            }
            // typesBySubscribere也是一个HashMap,保存了以当前要注册类的对象为key,注册类中订阅事件的方法的参数类型的集合为value的键值对
            // 查找是否存在对应的参数类型集合
            List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
            // 不存在则创建一个subscribedEvents,并保存到typesBySubscriber
            if (subscribedEvents == null) {
                subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
                typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
            }
            // 保存当前订阅了事件的方法的参数类型
            subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
            // 粘性事件相关的,后边具体分析
            if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
                if (eventInheritance) {
                    // Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
                    // Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
                    // thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
                    // (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List<Class>).
                    Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
                    for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
                        Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
                        if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
                            Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
                            checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
                    checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
                }
            }
        }
    

    注册的核心流程分为查找和缓存。
    第一步:查找,根据当前订阅类对象遍历所有的方法,首先第一道筛选只有一个参数的方法,第二道根据有无注解和注解类型是不是@Subscribe过滤出注册Event事件的方法进行缓存。第二步:缓存两个映射,1. 当前类对象和事件参数类型集合对象映射;2. 事件参数类型和注册事件参数的方法集合对象映射。
    subscribe() 方法主要是得到了subscriptionsByEventType、typesBySubscriber两个 HashMap。我们在发送事件的时候要用到subscriptionsByEventType,完成事件的处理。当取消 EventBus 注册的时候要用到typesBySubscriber、subscriptionsByEventType,完成相关资源的释放。

    2. 取消注册

    EventBus 如何取消注册:

    EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
    

    核心方法:

    public synchronized void unregister(Object subscriber) {
            // 得到当前注册类对象 对应的 订阅事件方法的参数类型 的集合
            List<Class<?>> subscribedTypes = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
            if (subscribedTypes != null) {
                // 遍历参数类型集合,释放之前缓存的当前类中的Subscription
                for (Class<?> eventType : subscribedTypes) {
                    unsubscribeByEventType(subscriber, eventType);
                }
                // 删除以subscriber为key的键值对
                typesBySubscriber.remove(subscriber);
            } else {
                logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Subscriber to unregister was not registered before: " + subscriber.getClass());
            }
        }
    
    private void unsubscribeByEventType(Object subscriber, Class<?> eventType) {
            // 得到当前参数类型对应的Subscription集合
            List<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
            if (subscriptions != null) {
                int size = subscriptions.size();
                // 遍历Subscription集合
                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                    Subscription subscription = subscriptions.get(i);
                    // 如果当前subscription对象对应的注册类对象 和 要取消注册的注册类对象相同,则删除当前subscription对象
                    if (subscription.subscriber == subscriber) {
                        subscription.active = false;
                        subscriptions.remove(i);
                        i--;
                        size--;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    

    取消注册,就是根据当前要取消的类对象为Key从缓存映射 typesBySubscriber 中拿到所有的订阅事件类型参数对象集合,然后遍历用每一个订阅事件类型参数对象为Key从缓存映射 subscriptionsByEventType 中拿到事件订阅方法集合,遍历,如果事件订阅方法对象中的订阅类对象subscriber与当前要取消注册的sbscriber对象相同的话,则从订阅缓存中移除各个订阅对象,完成取消注册。

    3.发送事件和处理事件

    怎么发送事件:

    EventBus.getDefault().post("Hello World!");
    

    重点代码:

    private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
            CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
            synchronized (this) {
                // 获取事件类型对应的Subscription集合
                subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
            }
            // 如果已订阅了对应类型的事件
            if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
                for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
                    // 记录事件
                    postingState.event = event;
                    // 记录对应的subscription
                    postingState.subscription = subscription;
                    boolean aborted = false;
                    try {
                        // 最终的事件处理
                        postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
                        aborted = postingState.canceled;
                    } finally {
                        postingState.event = null;
                        postingState.subscription = null;
                        postingState.canceled = false;
                    }
                    if (aborted) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    

    发送事件使用到映射 subscriptionsByEventType ,根据事件类型从 subscriptionsByEventType 拿到订阅的事件方法对象集合,然后遍历拿到订阅的方法对象通过反射执行订阅方法

    void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
           try {
               // 通过反射调用方法
               subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
           } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
               handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
           } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
               throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
           }
       }
    

    其他流程可以查阅这篇博文

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