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Android权限的分类：
正常权限和危险权限
从 Android 6.0（API 级别 23）开始，用户开始在应用运行时向其授予权限，而不是在应用安装时授予。此方法可以简化应用安装过程，因为用户在安装或更新应用时不需要授予权限。它还让用户可以对应用的功能进行更多控制
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为什么要进行动态权限的配置：
谷歌官方处于安全考虑，让用户能够自己选择是否需要再APP内进行授权，避免了很多流氓软件
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哪些是危险权限：
危险权限.png
危险权限.png
ps:属于同一组的权限不用重复授权
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申请危险权限相关的方法：
//申请对应的权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(final Activity activity,
final String[] permissions, final int requestCode)
//申请结果回调方法
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
//判断用户是否勾选了不再提醒
//如果拒绝了该权限，并勾选了不再提醒返回false
@Override
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permissions[i])
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封装的Activity：
//判断用户是否勾选了不再提醒
//如果拒绝了该权限，并勾选了不再提醒返回false
/**
* 类名: PermissionActivity
* 描述: 动态权限的封装
* 日期: 2018/10/30
*
* @author: liuqiyuan
*/
public class PermissionActivity extends BaseActivity {
private OnPermissionListener permissionListener = null;
private static final int PERMISSION_REQ = 10;
/**
* 申请权限
*
* @param permissions 请求权限
* @param onPermissionListener 回调函数
*/
public void reqPermission(String[] permissions, OnPermissionListener onPermissionListener) {
if (permissions == null || onPermissionListener == null) {
return;
}
this.permissionListener = onPermissionListener;
//6.0以下不需要申请权限
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23 || permissions.length == 0) {
onPermissionListener.onGranted();
} else {
List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
for (String permission : permissions) {
//校验之前是否添加过权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission)
== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
continue;
}
permissionList.add(permission);
}
//权限全部都已授权
if (permissionList.isEmpty()) {
onPermissionListener.onGranted();
return;
}
//请求权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]), PERMISSION_REQ);
}
}
/**
* 申请权限的回调用
*
* @param requestCode 请求码
* @param permissions 申请的权限
* @param grantResults 授权结果
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode != PERMISSION_REQ) {
return;
}
if (grantResults.length == 0) {
return;
}
int length = permissions.length;
//循环判断授权结果
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
//授权成功
if (grantResults[i] == getPackageManager().PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
continue;
}
//用户勾选了"不再提醒"，会返回false,需引导用户手动开启权限
if (!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permissions[i])) {
showReqPermissionDialog();
} else {
permissionListener.onDenied();
}
return;
}
permissionListener.onGranted();
}
/**
* 提示用户手动开启权限
*/
private void showReqPermissionDialog() {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setMessage("需要开启权限才能使用此功能")
.setPositiveButton("设置", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
dialog.cancel();
goToAppInfo();
}
})
.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) {
dialog.cancel();
permissionListener.onDenied();
}
})
.create()
.show();
}
/**
* 跳转系统的App应用信息页面
*/
protected void goToAppInfo() {
Intent localIntent = new Intent();
localIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
localIntent.setAction("android.settings.APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS");
localIntent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package", getPackageName(), null));
startActivity(localIntent);
}
}
/**
* 类名: OnPermissionListener
* 描述: 权限申请结果回调
* 日期: 2018/10/30
*
* @author: liuqiyuan
*/
public interface OnPermissionListener {
/**
* 已授权
*/
void onGranted();
/**
* 授权失败
*/
void onDenied();
}
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测试的Activity：
public class MainActivity extends PermissionActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Button btnPic = new Button(this);
btnPic.setText("拍照");
Button btnCall = new Button(this);
btnCall.setText("打电话");
LinearLayout ll = new LinearLayout(this);
ll.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
ll.addView(btnPic);
ll.addView(btnCall);
setContentView(ll);
btnPic.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
reqPermission(new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, new OnPermissionListener() {
@Override
public void onGranted() {
tackPic();
}
@Override
public void onDenied() {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请允许添加权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
});
btnCall.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
reqPermission(new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, new OnPermissionListener() {
@Override
public void onGranted() {
call();
}
@Override
public void onDenied() {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请允许添加权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
});
}
private void tackPic() {
try {
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
startActivity(intent);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void call() {
try {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:" + "10010");
intent.setData(uri);
startActivity(intent);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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效果图：
允许申请权限.gif
拒绝申请权限.gif
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