Context相关

作者: 14cat | 来源:发表于2016-04-23 15:26 被阅读60次

    原文链接:
    http://www.jianshu.com/p/979bc7eaa43b?utm_campaign=haruki&utm_content=note&utm_medium=reader_share&utm_source=weixin#rd

    前言

    Context对象在我们的项目中实在是太常见了。启动Activity、Service、发送一个Broadcast,作为获取各种系统Resources的参数,Layout Inflation的参数,show a Dialog的参数等等,Context的使用不当,是可能造成内存泄漏的,当你的工程代码已经达到十几万行甚至几十万行时,Context对象就对内存泄漏造成非常可观的影响了,所以我们应该对Context对象的使用,做到心中有数

    什么是Context

    • Context是为一个Android程序提供各种功能、资源、服务的一个环境,Context的资源系统中只有一套,因为它的子类(Application,Activity,Service)对这同一块资源处理方式的不同,让Context对象在功能上表现出各自之间的差异

    Context对象之间的差异

    重写Context

    public class LauncherApplication extends Application {
    
        private static Context context;
    
        @Override
        public void onCreate() {
            // 获取Application中的Context
            context = getApplicationContext();
        }
    
        /**
         * 获得Application的Context
         *
         * @return Context
         */
        public static Context getContext() {
            return context;
        }
    }
    

    清单文件配置

    <application
        android:name=".LauncherApplication"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
    
    • 配置完 android:name这个属性,以后应用使用的就是你自定义的Application

    在界面中show a Dialog

    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    
        private Context application;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            application = LauncherApplication.getContext();
        }
    
        public void ShowDialog (View view) {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(application);
            builder.setTitle("ContextDemo");
            builder.setMessage("Context参数为applicationContext");
            builder.create();
            builder.show();
        }
    }
    
    • 点击后闪退闪退信息

         04-21 04:43:21.590 2104-2104/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
         Process: com.cat14.demo, PID: 2104
         java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not execute method of the activity
             at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:3823)
             at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:4438)
             at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:18422)
             at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733)
             at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
             at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136)
             at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5017)
             at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
             at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
             at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:779)
             at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:595)
             at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
          Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
             at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
             at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
             at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:3818)
             at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:4438) 
             at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:18422) 
             at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733) 
             at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95) 
             at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136) 
             at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5017) 
             at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 
             at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515) 
             at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:779) 
             at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:595) 
             at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 
             
          Caused by: android.view.WindowManager$BadTokenException: Unable to add window -- token null is not for an application
             at android.view.ViewRootImpl.setView(ViewRootImpl.java:540)
             at android.view.WindowManagerGlobal.addView(WindowManagerGlobal.java:259)
             at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:69)
             at android.app.Dialog.show(Dialog.java:286)
             at android.app.AlertDialog$Builder.show(AlertDialog.java:951)
             at com.cat14.demo.MainActivity.ShowDialog(MainActivity.java:26)
             at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 
             at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515) 
             at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:3818) 
             at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:4438) 
             at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:18422) 
             at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733) 
             at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95) 
             at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136) 
             at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5017) 
             at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 
             at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515) 
             at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:779) 
             at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:595) 
      

    lvik.system.NativeStart.main(thod)

    • 可见,当使用Application的Context时,是无法弹出一个Dialog的,因为Dialog作为一个View,依附在Activity上,并且与Theme相关,当传入参数为Activity的Context时,崩溃就解决了
    • Context对象之间的使用上的差异



    Context相关的内存泄漏问题

    错误的单例模式

    public class Singleton {
        private static Single instance;
        private Context context;
        
        private Singleton(Context context) {
            this.mContext = context;
        }
        
        public static Singleton getInstance(Context context) {
            if (instance == null) {
                instance = new Singleton(mContext.getApplicationContext());
            }
            return instance;
        }
    }
    
    • 这是一个非线程安全的单例模式
    • Activity A去getInstance获得instance对象,传入this
    • 常驻内存的Singleton保存了你传入的Activity A对象,并一直持有
    • 即时Activity被销毁掉,但因为它的引用还存在于一个Singleton中,就不可能被GC掉,这样就导致了内存泄漏

    View持有Activity引用

    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
        private static Drawable mDrawable;
        
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle saveInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(saveInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            ImageView iv = new ImageView(this);
            mDrawable = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
            iv.setImageDrawable(mDrawable);
        }
    }
    
    • 有一个静态的Drawable对象
    • 当ImageView设置这个Drawable时,ImageView保存了mDrawable的引用
    • 而ImageView传入的this,是MainActivity的mContext
    • 因为被static修饰的mDrawable是常驻内存的,MainActivity是它的间接引用
    • MainActivity被销毁时,也不能被GC掉,所以造成内存泄漏

    正确使用Context

    • 一般Context造成的内存泄漏,几乎都是当Context销毁的时候,却因为被引用导致销毁失败
    • 而Application的Context对象可以理解为随着进程存在的,所以当Application的Context能搞定的情况下,并且生命周期长的对象,优先使用Application的Context
    • 内存检测的自动化工具,LeakCanary

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:Context相关

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/hcixrttx.html