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自定义view

自定义view

作者: 快感的感知 | 来源:发表于2021-07-20 17:30 被阅读0次

    一、自定义view实现方式

    二、组合控件

    将系统原有的控件进行组合,构成一个新的控件。

    定义标题栏的布局文件custom_title_view.xml,将返回按钮和标题文本进行组合。这一步用于确定标题栏的样子,代码如下所示:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@android:color/holo_orange_light">
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_left"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true"
            android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
            android:text="Back"
            android:textColor="@android:color/white" />
    
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/title_tv"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_centerInParent="true"
            android:text="Title"
            android:textColor="@android:color/white"
            android:textSize="20sp" />
    </RelativeLayout>
    
    
    public class CustomTitleView extends FrameLayout implements View.OnClickListener {
        private View.OnClickListener mLeftOnClickListener;
        private Button mBackBtn;
        private TextView mTittleView;
    
        public CustomTitleView(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
            super(context, attrs);
            LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.custom_title_view, this);
            mBackBtn = findViewById(R.id.btn_left);
            mBackBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
            mTittleView = findViewById(R.id.title_tv);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()) {
                case R.id.btn_left:
                    if (mLeftOnClickListener != null) {
                        mLeftOnClickListener.onClick(v);
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    
        public void setLeftOnClickListener(View.OnClickListener leftOnClickListener) {
            mLeftOnClickListener = leftOnClickListener;
        }
    
        public void setTittle(String title){
            mTittleView.setText(title);
        }
    }
    

    使用组合自定义view

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <com.example.demos.customviewdemo.CustomTitleView
            android:id="@+id/customview_title"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        </com.example.demos.customviewdemo.CustomTitleView>
    </RelativeLayout>
    
    public class CustomViewComposeDemoActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        private CustomTitleView mCustomTitleView;
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_custom_view_compose_demo);
            mCustomTitleView = findViewById(R.id.customview_title);
            mCustomTitleView.setTittle("This is Title");
            mCustomTitleView.setLeftOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    finish();
                }
            });
    
        }
    }
    

    效果如下:


    三、继承控件

    public class HistogramView extends View{
    
        private Paint mPaint;
        private Path mPath;
    
        public HistogramView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
            super(context, attrs);
            mPaint = new Paint();
            mPath = new Path();
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
            super.onDraw(canvas);
            //绘制坐标轴
            mPaint.reset();
            mPath.reset();
            mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
            mPath.moveTo(100,100);
            mPath.rLineTo(0,402);
            mPath.rLineTo(800,0);
            canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);
            //绘制文字
            mPaint.reset();
            mPaint.setTextSize(30);
            mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
            canvas.drawText("Froyo",160,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("CB",280,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("ICS",380,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("J",480,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("KitKat",560,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("L",690,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("M",790,540,mPaint);
            //绘制直方图,柱形图是用较粗的直线来实现的
            mPaint.reset();
            mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
            mPaint.setStrokeWidth(80);
            float[] lines3={
                    200,500,200,495,
                    300,500,300,480,
                    400,500,400,480,
                    500,500,500,300,
                    600,500,600,200,
                    700,500,700,150,
                    800,500,800,350,
            };
            canvas.drawLines(lines3,mPaint);
        }
    }
    
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
    
        <com.example.demos.customviewdemo.HistogramView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
    
    </RelativeLayout>
    

    效果图:


    四、自定义View中引入属性

    1、在values中编写需要的属性
    在res/values/下新建资源文件,这里咱们命名为attrs.xml,在其中编写所需要的属性

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <resources>
        <declare-styleable name="HistogramView">
            <attr name="textColor" format="color"/>
            <attr name="histogramColor" format="color"/>
        </declare-styleable>
    </resources>
    
    public class HistogramView extends View{
    
        private Paint mPaint;
        private Path mPath;
        private int mTextColor,mHistogramColor;//新加的属性使用
    
        public HistogramView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
            super(context, attrs);
            mPaint = new Paint();
            mPath = new Path();
            initAttrs(context,attrs);//新加的属性使用
        }
    
      //新加的属性使用
        private void initAttrs(Context context, AttributeSet attrs){
            TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.HistogramView);
            mTextColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.HistogramView_textColor,Color.BLACK);
            mHistogramColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.HistogramView_histogramColor,Color.GREEN);
            typedArray.recycle();
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
            super.onDraw(canvas);
            //绘制坐标轴
            mPaint.reset();
            mPath.reset();
            mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
            mPath.moveTo(100,100);
            mPath.rLineTo(0,402);
            mPath.rLineTo(800,0);
            canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);
            //绘制文字
            mPaint.reset();
            mPaint.setTextSize(30);
            mPaint.setColor(mTextColor);//新加的属性使用
            mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
            canvas.drawText("Froyo",160,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("CB",280,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("ICS",380,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("J",480,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("KitKat",560,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("L",690,540,mPaint);
            canvas.drawText("M",790,540,mPaint);
            //绘制直方图,柱形图是用较粗的直线来实现的
            mPaint.reset();
            mPaint.setColor(mHistogramColor);//新加的属性使用
            mPaint.setStrokeWidth(80);
            float[] lines3={
                    200,500,200,495,
                    300,500,300,480,
                    400,500,400,480,
                    500,500,500,300,
                    600,500,600,200,
                    700,500,700,150,
                    800,500,800,350,
            };
            canvas.drawLines(lines3,mPaint);
        }
    }
    

    自绘控件基本方法

    基本流程

    构造函数

    自定义view中使用new实例化一个View会调用第一个构造函数,在xml中定义会调用第二个构造函数,而第三个函数系统是不调用的,要显式调用

    public class CircleView extends View {
    
        private int mColor = Color.RED;
        private Paint mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
        //使用new实例化一个View会调用第一个构造函数
        public CircleView(Context context) {
            this(context, null);
        }
        //使用反射会调用到该函数。在xml中定义会调用第二个构造函数,xml中使用到反射
        public CircleView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
            this(context, attrs, 0);
        }
        //系统是不调用的,要显式调用
        public CircleView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
            super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
            TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CircleView);
            mColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.CircleView_circle_color, Color.YELLOW);
            a.recycle();
            init();
        }
    }
    

    MeasureSpec和LayoutParams的对应关系

    系统内部是通过MeasureSpec来进行View的测量,但是正常情况下我们使用View指定MeasureSpec,尽管如此,但是我们可以给View设置LayoutParams。在View测量的时候,系统会将LayoutParams在父容器的约束下转换成对应的MeasureSpec,然后再根据这个MeasureSpec来确定View测量后的宽/高。需要注意的是,MeasureSpec不是唯一由LayoutParams决定的,LayoutParams需要和父容器一起才能决定View的MeasureSpec,从而进一步决定View的宽/高。另外,对于顶级View(DecorView)和普通View来说,MeasureSpec的转换过程略有不同。对于DecorView,其MeasureSpec由窗口尺寸和其自身的MeasureSpec来共同决定;对于普通View,其MeasureSpec由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身的LayoutParams来共同决定,MeasureSpec一旦确定后,onMeasure中就可以确定View的测量宽/高。

    MeasureSpec 工作原理

    MeasureSpec 代表一个32位的int值,高2位代表SpecMode,低30位代表SpecSize。
    MeasureSpec是View中的一个静态内部类。

    public static class MeasureSpec {
    
        private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
        private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
        public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
        public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
        public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
    
        public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
            if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
                return size + mode;
            } else {
                return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
            }
        }
    
        public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
            return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
        } 
    
        public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
            return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
        }
    
    }
    

    SpecMode是指测量模式,SpecSize是指在某种测量模式下的大小。

    SpecMode有三类:

    UNSPECIFIED
    父容器不对View有任何限制,要多大给多大,这般情况一般用于系统内部,表示一种测量状态,如ScrollView测量子View时用的就是这个。
    EXACTLY
    父容器已经检测出View所需要的大小,这个时候View的最终大小就是SpecSize所测定的值,它对应于LayoutParams中的match_parent和具体的数值(如40dp,60dp)这两种模式。
    AT_MOST
    父容器指定了一个可用大小即SpecSize,View的大小不能大于这个值,具体是什么值要看不同View的具体实现。它对应于LayoutParams中的wrap_content.

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