单词讲解
- 1、pigeon n.鸽子
同义词 dove
- 2、message 信息、消息
发一个消息： send a message
收到消息： receive/get a message
留一个消息：leave a message
紧急的消息：an urgent message
short message service = SMS
information n.信息 不可数名词
通常指抽象的消息，计算机信息等
1、如果非常指一条信息，怎么办？
所以有不可数的名词，可进行量化，比如一杯水，一瓶水等
一条消息: a piece of information
- 3、distance n.距离
distant adj.遥远的
通常ce结尾的n名词，是把ce换成t变成形容词
例：
difference n.不同，差异 different adj.不同的
importance n.重要 important adj.重要的
confidence n.信心 confident adj.有信心的
convenience n.方便 convenient adj.方便的
- 4、request n.要求，请求
Their request is absurd. 他们的要求太无礼了
We will refuse the request. 我们拒绝这个请求
- 5、spare part 备件
spare time 空余的时间
- 6、service n.服务
课文&语法讲解
一、现在完成时 vs. 一般过去时
1、现在完成时
-
1、形式：have/has + done
-
2、用法：
- a、截止现在已经做完
- b、表示持续 （既跟过去，又跟现在有关系）
-
3、案例
截止现在已经做完
He has left.
他已经离开了
表示持续
We have learned English for ten years.
我们已经学习英语10年了
-
4、现在完成时变成一般过去时
截止现在已经做完- a、没有特殊的要求，现在完成时和一般过去时都可以表达过去。
He has left. He left.- b、强调对现在的事有影响
He has left, so I cannot find him now. 他离开了，所以我找不到他了- c、强调过去的时间
He left two hours ago.持续到现在- a、以下语句不能换成一般过去
We have learned English for ten years. 我们学英语已经10年了 -
5、区别
现在完成时
1、对现在的事有影响
2、既跟过去，又跟现在有关系
一般过去时
1、强调过去的时间
2、只能表达过去
二、Mr.James Scott has a garage ... and now he has just bought another garage...
has just bought 现成完成时
表示强调现在之前的角度：
just 刚刚
already 已经
ever 曾经
never 从不
总结：遇到以上的词，中高考的考试当中，通常都是现在完成时配合使用的
已经的意思：
1、already 肯定，"已经" have/has already done
He has already had his breakfast.
他已经吃过早饭了
2、yet 否定，"还没有" have/has not done yet.
He has not had his breakfast yet.
- 2、... so he has just bought twelve pigeons.
has just bought 现在完成时
- 3、Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from ... to ...
carried 一般过去时
from ... to ... + 时间 / 地点
- 4、Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many request ... and other urgent message from one garage to the other.
up to now = up till now, so far 截止到现在，用于现在完成时
one ... the other 一个...另一个
- 5、In this way, he has begun his own private "telephone" service
过去式,过去分词：begin began begun
1、his private...可能是跟别人分享的
2、one's own + n. 强调是自己一个人的
知识扩展
1、真题
- 1、D
Up to now, the program `___` thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save
B. saves
C. had saved
D. has saved
解析：
翻译：到目前为止，这个项目已经吸引了成千上万的儿童，否则他们就会死去。
1、Up to now, 截止目前为止，所以用现在完成时
2、the program，三单，所以用has
- 2、C
Look! Somebody `` the sofa.
Well, it wasn't me. I didn't do it.
A. is cleaning 现在正在进行
B. was cleaning 过去正在进行
C. has cleaned 现在的之前
D. had cleaned 过去的之前
解析：
0、翻译：
看！有人打扫了沙发
不是我，我没打扫沙发
1、现在看是沙发收拾干净了，那肯定是现在的之前收拾了，所以是现在完成时或者一般过去时，但是答案中没有一般过去时。
- 3、C
I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?
Sorry, I `__` piano for years.
A. don't play
B. wasn't playing
C. haven't played
D. hadn't played
解析：
0、翻译
我记得你在大学时是个有天赋的钢琴家。你能帮我弹钢琴吗?
对不起，我已经很多年没弹钢琴了。
1、根据主意，选择现在完成时
- 4、A
Alvin, are you coming with us?
I'd love to, but something unexpected `___`.
A. has come up
B. was coming up 过去进行
C. had come up 过去完成时
D. would come up 过去将来时
解析：
0、翻译
艾文，你和我们一起去吗
我很想去，但有出乎意料事出现了
- 5、B
For many years, people `__` electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.
A. had dreamed of 过去完成时
B. have dreamed of
C. dreamed of 过去
D. dream of 现在
解析：
0、翻译
持续好多年，人们梦想着电动车。然而，实现这些目标比预期的要困难得多。
1、has been 现在完成时
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