Java多线程4 初识线程池

前言

Java为什么引入线程池？
创建线程示例

    new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
            
            }
        }).start();

new Thread的弊端

1. 每次new Thread新建对象性能差。
2. 线程缺乏统一管理，可能无限制新建线程，相互之间竞争，及可能占用过多系统资源导致死机或oom。
3. 缺乏更多功能，如定时执行、定期执行、线程中断。

相比new Thread，Java提供的四种线程池的好处在于：

1. 重用存在的线程，减少对象创建、消亡的开销，性能佳。
2. 可有效控制最大并发线程数，提高系统资源的使用率，同时避免过多资源竞争，避免堵塞。
3. 提供定时执行、定期执行、单线程、并发数控制等功能。

1.Java四种线程池

Java通过Executors提供四种线程池，分别为：
newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。
newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。
newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。

1.1 newFixedThreadPool

创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。

public class ThreadPoolTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //固定线程池
        ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
            int finalI = i;
            threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int j = 1; j < 10; j++) {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(20);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is looping of " + j + " for task of " + finalI

                        );

                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 1 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 1 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 2 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 2 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 3 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 3 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 4 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 4 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 5 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 5 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 6 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 6 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 7 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 7 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 8 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 8 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 9 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 9 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 1 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 1 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 2 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 2 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 3 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 3 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 4 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 4 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 5 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 5 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 6 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 6 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 7 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 7 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 8 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 8 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 9 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 9 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 1 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 1 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 2 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 2 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 3 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 3 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 4 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 4 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 5 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 5 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 6 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 6 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 7 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 7 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 8 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 8 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 9 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 9 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 9

定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()

1.2 newFixedThreadPool

创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。

public class ThreadPoolTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //固定线程池
        ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
            int finalI = i;
            threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int j = 1; j < 10; j++) {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(20);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is looping of " + j + " for task of " + finalI

                        );

                    }
                }
            });
        }

    }
}

pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 9

结果依次输出，相当于顺序执行各个任务。
现行大多数GUI程序都是单线程的。Android中单线程可用于数据库操作，文件操作，应用批量安装，应用批量删除等不适合并发但可能IO阻塞性及影响UI线程响应的操作。

1.3 newCachedThreadPool

创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程

public class ThreadPoolTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //固定线程池
        ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
            int finalI = i;
            threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int j = 1; j < 10; j++) {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(20);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is looping of " + j + " for task of " + finalI

                        );

                    }
                }
            });
        }

    }
}

pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 1 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-8 is looping of 1 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-9 is looping of 1 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-6 is looping of 1 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 1 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-7 is looping of 1 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-4 is looping of 1 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-5 is looping of 1 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-6 is looping of 2 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-5 is looping of 2 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 2 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-7 is looping of 2 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-8 is looping of 2 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 2 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-9 is looping of 2 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-4 is looping of 2 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-5 is looping of 3 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-9 is looping of 3 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 3 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-8 is looping of 3 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 3 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-7 is looping of 3 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-6 is looping of 3 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-4 is looping of 3 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 4 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-6 is looping of 4 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-4 is looping of 4 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-7 is looping of 4 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-9 is looping of 4 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 4 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-5 is looping of 4 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-8 is looping of 4 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-6 is looping of 5 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-9 is looping of 5 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-5 is looping of 5 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-8 is looping of 5 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 5 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-7 is looping of 5 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-4 is looping of 5 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 5 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-6 is looping of 6 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 6 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-4 is looping of 6 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-7 is looping of 6 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 6 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-5 is looping of 6 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-8 is looping of 6 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-9 is looping of 6 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-4 is looping of 7 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 7 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-5 is looping of 7 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-9 is looping of 7 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-8 is looping of 7 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-7 is looping of 7 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-6 is looping of 7 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 7 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-9 is looping of 8 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-5 is looping of 8 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-7 is looping of 8 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 8 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-4 is looping of 8 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-8 is looping of 8 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-6 is looping of 8 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 8 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-5 is looping of 9 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 9 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-4 is looping of 9 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-6 is looping of 9 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-8 is looping of 9 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 9 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-7 is looping of 9 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-9 is looping of 9 for task of 9

线程池为无限大，当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成，会复用执行第一个任务的线程，而不用每次新建线程。

1.4 newScheduledThreadPool

public class ThreadPoolTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println("init");

        Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3).schedule(
                new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        System.out.println("Done");
                    }
                }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS
        );
    }
}

init
Done

表示延迟3秒执行。

定期执行

public class ThreadPoolTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3).scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {

                System.out.println("每三秒执行一次");
            }
        },2,3,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    }
}

每三秒执行一次
每三秒执行一次
每三秒执行一次
每三秒执行一次
省略...

2 关闭线程池

shutdown()

public class ThreadPoolTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //固定线程池
        ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //缓存线程池 池中的线程数量
        //ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        //单个线程
        //ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

        for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
            int finalI = i;
            threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int j = 1; j < 10; j++) {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(20);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is looping of " + j + " for task of " + finalI

                        );

                    }
                }
            });
        }
        threadPool.shutdown();


    }
}

pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 1 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 1 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 2 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 2 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 3 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 3 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 4 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 4 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 5 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 5 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 6 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 6 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 7 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 7 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 8 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 8 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 9 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 9 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 1 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 1 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 2 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 2 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 3 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 3 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 4 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 4 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 5 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 5 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 6 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 6 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 7 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 7 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 8 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 8 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 9 for task of 5
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 4
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 9 for task of 6
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 1 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 1 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 2 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 2 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 3 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 3 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 4 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 4 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 5 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 5 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 6 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 6 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 7 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 7 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 8 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 8 for task of 9
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 9 for task of 7
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 8
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 9 for task of 9

shutdownNow

public class ThreadPoolTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //固定线程池
        ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //缓存线程池 池中的线程数量
        //ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        //单个线程
        //ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

        for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
            int finalI = i;
            threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int j = 1; j < 10; j++) {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(20);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is looping of " + j + " for task of " + finalI

                        );

                    }
                }
            });
        }
        threadPool.shutdownNow();


    }
}

java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at ThreadPoolTest$1.run(ThreadPoolTest.java:23)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 1 for task of 3
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at ThreadPoolTest$1.run(ThreadPoolTest.java:23)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 1 for task of 2
java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at ThreadPoolTest$1.run(ThreadPoolTest.java:23)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 1 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 2 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 2 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 2 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 3 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 3 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 3 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 4 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 4 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 4 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 5 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 5 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 5 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 6 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 6 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 6 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 7 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 7 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 7 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 8 for task of 1
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 8 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 8 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-3 is looping of 9 for task of 3
pool-1-thread-2 is looping of 9 for task of 2
pool-1-thread-1 is looping of 9 for task of 1

2.1 shutdown和shutdownNow的区别

shutdown只是将线程池的状态设置为SHUTWDOWN状态，正在执行的任务会继续执行下去，没有被执行的则中断。而shutdownNow则是将线程池的状态设置为STOP，正在执行的任务则被停止，没被执行任务的则返回。

2.3 源码分析shutdown和shutdownNow

1.shutdown源码

    public void shutdown() {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            checkShutdownAccess();
            advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
            interruptIdleWorkers();
            onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        tryTerminate();
    }

2.shutdownNow源码

    public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
        List<Runnable> tasks;
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            checkShutdownAccess();
            advanceRunState(STOP);
            interruptWorkers();
            tasks = drainQueue();
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        tryTerminate();
        return tasks;
    }

从源码可以很清晰的看出两者的区别，shutdown使用了以后会置状态为SHUTDOWN，而shutdownNow为STOP。此外，shutdownNow会返回任务列表。

2.3 线程状态知识延伸

在ThreadPoolExecutor中定义了关于线程状态的几个变量如下：

// runState is stored in the high-order bits
private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;

1.当创建线程池后，初始时，线程池处于RUNNING状态，此时线程池中的任务为0；
2.如果调用了shutdown()方法，则线程池处于SHUTDOWN状态，此时线程池不能够接受新的任务，它会等待所有任务执行完毕；
3.如果调用了shutdownNow()方法，则线程池处于STOP状态，此时线程池不能接受新的任务，并且会去尝试终止正在执行的任务；
4.当所有的任务已终止，ctl记录的”任务数量”为0，线程池会变为TIDYING状态。接着会执行terminated()函数。
5.线程池处在TIDYING状态时，执行完terminated()之后，就会由 TIDYING -> TERMINATED，线程池被设置为TERMINATED状态。

总结

线程池的作用：

线程池作用就是限制系统中执行线程的数量。
根据系统的环境情况，可以自动或手动设置线程数量，达到运行的最佳效果；少了浪费了系统资源，多了造成系统拥挤效率不高。用线程池控制线程数量，其他线程排队等候。一个任务执行完毕，再从队列的中取最前面的任务开始执行。若队列中没有等待进程，线程池的这一资源处于等待。当一个新任务需要运行时，如果线程池 中有等待的工作线程，就可以开始运行了；否则进入等待队列。

为什么要用线程池:

1.减少了创建和销毁线程的次数，每个工作线程都可以被重复利用，可执行多个任务。
2.可以根据系统的承受能力，调整线程池中工作线线程的数目，防止因为消耗过多的内存，而把服务器累趴下(每个线程需要大约1MB内存，线程开的越多，消耗的内存也就越大，最后死机)。

特别感谢：

星辰之力Java 四种线程池
一句话说明白Java线程池中shutdown和shutdownNow的区别