部署Zabbix4.0服务

简介

测试部署zabbix 4.0，zabbix服务需要用到zabbix-server，zabbix-proxy，zabbix-agent，zabbix-web组件和mysql数据库；

参考链接：1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux/CentOS (zabbix.com)

环境

主机名	系统	IP	功能	备注
test	CentOS7.9	172.17.91.179	zabbix服务器
Harbor	CentOS7.9	172.17.80.82	zabbix测试用客户端

部署并配置mariadb

使用mariadb为zabbix提供数据存储服务，yum方式安装；

安装

yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb-client

创建数存储目录并配置权限

mkdir -p /mnt/mariadb_data
chown -R mysql:mysql /mnt/mariadb_data

编辑配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
# datadir=/var/lib/mysql
datadir=/mnt/mariadb_data       # 修改默认的数据存储路径，已保证存储空间足够；
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

collation-server = utf8_bin
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

注意以下配置，目的是保证新建的数据库编码格式为“utf8”，并且collation-server要为utf8_bin，因为zabbix前端安装时有编码格式要求；

.
.
collation-server = utf8_bin
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
.
.

启动服务测试并确认服务状态

systemctl start mariadb

[root@test ~]# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-06-06 09:35:18 CST; 4h 14min ago
  Process: 1943 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 1858 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 1942 (mysqld_safe)
    Tasks: 20
   Memory: 110.7M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           ├─1942 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
           └─2167 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/mnt/mariadb_data --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mar...

Jun 06 09:35:15 test mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1858]: MySQL manual for more instructions.
Jun 06 09:35:15 test mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1858]: Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira
Jun 06 09:35:15 test mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1858]: The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
Jun 06 09:35:15 test mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1858]: You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
Jun 06 09:35:15 test mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1858]: http://dev.mysql.com
Jun 06 09:35:15 test mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1858]: Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
Jun 06 09:35:15 test mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1858]: https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
Jun 06 09:35:16 test mysqld_safe[1942]: 230606 09:35:16 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
Jun 06 09:35:16 test mysqld_safe[1942]: 230606 09:35:16 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /mnt/mariadb_data
Jun 06 09:35:18 test systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.

初始化数据库

运行mysql_secure_installation来进行数据库初始化，以下截取网上的相关介绍；

.
.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):    # 初次运行直接回车
.
Set root password? [Y/n]    # 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车
New password:               # 设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password:      # 再输入一次你设置的密码
.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]   # 是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除，所以直接回车
.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] # 是否禁止root远程登录,根据自己的需求选择Y/n并回车,建议禁止
.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] # 是否删除test数据库,直接回车
.
.

登录测试

mysql -u root -p

创建zabbix数据库用户，并赋权

不保证语句书写完全无误，请自行确认。并且zabbix-server配置文件中不支持带特殊符号的数据库密码，所以在创建zabbix用户密码时需要注意；

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'zabbix'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'zabbix123';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'zabbix'@'localhost';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

登录测试

mysql -u zabbix -p

为zabbix服务创建数据库

需要保证zabbix-server和zabbix-proxy使用单独数据库；

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE zabbix_server;
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE zabbix_proxy;
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| zabbix_proxy       |
| zabbix_server      |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查询数据库编码格式

MariaDB [(none)]> USE zabbix_server
Database changed
MariaDB [zabbix_server]> show variables like "%character%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [zabbix_server]> USE zabbix_proxy;
Database changed
MariaDB [zabbix_proxy]> show variables like "%character%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

部署zabbix 4.0服务端

配置yum源

rpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
yum-config-manager --enable rhel-7-server-optional-rpms
yum clean all

安装 Zabbix Server/proxy/前端

yum -y install zabbix-server-mysql
yum -y install zabbix-proxy-mysql
yum -y install zabbix-web-mysql

导入数据库

导入zabbix-server数据库

zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql*/create.sql.gz | mysql -u zabbix -p zabbix_server

导入zabbix-proxy数据库

zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-proxy-mysql*/schema.sql.gz | mysql -u zabbix -p zabbix_proxy

编辑zabbix_server.conf

vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

.
.
DBName=zabbix_server    # zabbix-server所用数据库名称；
.
DBUser=zabbix   # 登录数据库用户；
.
DBPassword=zabbix123    # 登录数据库密码；
.
ExportDir=/mnt/zabbix_data
.
.

编辑zabbix_proxy.conf

注意：可以不适用proxy代理直接启用server，涉及字段与zabbix_server.conf配置基本相同；

zabbix-server/proxy启动测试

systemctl start zabbix-server
systemctl start zabbix-proxy

安装zabbix前端

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf
.
.
        php_value max_execution_time 300
        php_value memory_limit 128M
        php_value post_max_size 16M
        php_value upload_max_filesize 2M
        php_value max_input_time 300
        php_value max_input_vars 10000
        php_value always_populate_raw_post_data -1
        # php_value date.timezone Europe/Riga
        php_value date.timezone Asia/Shanghai       # 主要修改这行，配置时区；
.
.

修改配置文件后，访问：http://172.17.91.179/zabbix会跳转到安装界面（具体步骤后续补全）；

部署zabbix-agent客户端

zabbix-agent启用在被监控设备上，用来和服务进行通信并获取数据；

配置yum源

rpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
yum-config-manager --enable rhel-7-server-optional-rpms
yum clean all

安装客户端文件

yum -y install zabbix-agent

编辑配置文件

vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
.
.
SourceIP=172.17.80.82       # 填写本机IP地址；
.
Server=172.17.91.179        # 指定Server或proxy的ip（主备指定VIP)，公网访问需要指定公网ip和对应端口；
.
ServerActive=172.17.91.179      # 主动模式 同Server=ip保持一致；
.
Hostname=harbor     # 填写本机主机名即可；
.
.

启动agent服务

systemctl start zabbix-agent

服务启动后默认通信端口为10050，如果开启防火墙需要开放端口；

访问测试

链接地址：http://172.17.91.179/

默认用户：Admin

默认密码：zabbix