已验证可行的流程如下

// 首先在根工程下的
dependencies {
  classpath 'org.aspectj:aspectjtools:1.9.7'
  classpath 'org.aspectj:aspectjweaver:1.9.7'
  ...
}

// 在app的build.gradle
android {
  ...
}

dependencies {
  implementation( 'org.aspectj:aspectjrt:1.9.7' )
  ...
}

AOP生效，与android同级
//使得aop生效
import org.aspectj.bridge.IMessage
import org.aspectj.bridge.MessageHandler
import org.aspectj.tools.ajc.Main

// 获取log打印工具和构建配置
final def log = project.logger
final def variants = project.android.applicationVariants
variants.all { variant ->
    if (!variant.buildType.isDebuggable()) {
        // 判断是否debug，如果打release把return去掉就可以
        log.debug("Skipping non-debuggable build type '${variant.buildType.name}'.")
        // return;
    }
    // 使aspectj配置生效
    JavaCompile javaCompile = variant.javaCompile
    javaCompile.doLast {
        String[] args = ["-showWeaveInfo",
                         "-1.8",
                         "-inpath", javaCompile.destinationDir.toString(),
                         "-aspectpath", javaCompile.classpath.asPath,
                         "-d", javaCompile.destinationDir.toString(),
                         "-classpath", javaCompile.classpath.asPath,
                         "-bootclasspath", project.android.bootClasspath.join(File.pathSeparator)]
        log.debug "ajc args: " + Arrays.toString(args)

        MessageHandler handler = new MessageHandler(true);
        new Main().run(args, handler);
        //在编译时打印信息如警告、error等等
        for (IMessage message : handler.getMessages(null, true)) {
            switch (message.getKind()) {
                case IMessage.ABORT:
                case IMessage.ERROR:
                case IMessage.FAIL:
                    log.error message.message, message.thrown
                    break;
                case IMessage.WARNING:
                    log.warn message.message, message.thrown
                    break;
                case IMessage.INFO:
                    log.info message.message, message.thrown
                    break;
                case IMessage.DEBUG:
                    log.debug message.message, message.thrown
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}

测试验证

package com.ilifesmart.mslict.aop;

import android.util.Log;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;

/* *
* 用于校验隐私合规，查询某些项被调用时的调用栈，确定何处引发的调用
* */
@Aspect
public class AspectJTest {

    public static final String TAG = "AspectTest";

    @Around("call(* android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(.., java.lang.String))")
    public Object getSecureString(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        String method = joinPoint.getSignature().toString();
        Log.d("4B", "getSystemString: method " + method + " throwable " + Log.getStackTraceString(new Throwable()));

        Object[] objs = joinPoint.getArgs();
        String[] argNames = ((MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature()).getParameterNames();


        Log.d("4B", "getSysString: args[1] " + (String) objs[1]);

        Object object = joinPoint.proceed();

        Log.d("4B", "getSysString: result " + ((String)object) );
        return object;
    }

    @Around("call(* android.provider.Settings.Setting.getString(.., java.lang.String))")
    public Object getSystemString(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        String method = joinPoint.getSignature().toString();
        Log.d("4B", "getSystemString: method " + method + " throwable " + Log.getStackTraceString(new Throwable()));

        Object[] objs = joinPoint.getArgs();
        String[] argNames = ((MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature()).getParameterNames();

        // 获取函数调用参数 android_id
        Log.d("4B", "getSysString: args[1] " + (String) objs[1]);

        Object object = joinPoint.proceed();

        // 获取函数调用返回值
        Log.d("4B", "getSysString: result " + ((String)object) );
        return object;
    }
}