一、Mysql安装

环境：Linux系统

mysql编译安装

关闭防火墙和selinux

1、编译安装mysql5.7

1、清理安装环境：

# yum erase mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-libs mariadb-devel -y
# userdel -r mysql
# rm -rf /etc/my*
# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql

2、创建mysql用户

[root@mysql-server ~]# useradd -r mysql -M -s /bin/false

3、从官网下载tar包
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.27.tar.gz
4、安装编译工具

# yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel openssl-devel bison gcc gcc-c++ make
cmake:
# yum -y install cmake

5、创建mysql目录

[root@mysql-server ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/{data,mysql,log}

6、解压

[root@mysql-server ~]# tar xzvf mysql-boost-5.7.27.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
注:如果安装的MySQL5.7及以上的版本，在编译安装之前需要安装boost,因为高版本mysql需要boots库的安装才可以正常运行。否则会报CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:81错误
安装包里面自带boost包

7、编译安装

cd 解压的mysql目录
[root@mysql-server ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/
[root@mysql-server mysql-5.7.27]#cmake . \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost/boost_1_59_0/ \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

提示：boost也可以使用如下指令自动下载，如果不下载bost压缩包，把下面的这一条添加到配置中第二行
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1/
参数详解:
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \   安装目录
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \   配置文件存放 （默认可以不安装配置文件）
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \   数据目录   错误日志文件也会在这个目录
-DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man \     帮助文档 
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \     默认端口
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \  sock文件位置，用来做网络通信的，客户端连接服务器的时候用
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \    默认字符集。字符集的支持，可以调
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \   扩展的字符集支持所有的
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \  支持的
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \    上下翻历史命令
-DWITH_SSL=system \    使用私钥和证书登陆（公钥）  可以加密。 适用与长连接。坏处：速度慢
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \   嵌入式数据库
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \    从本地倒入数据，不是备份和恢复。
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  默认的存储引擎，支持外键

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[root@mysql-server mysql-5.7.27]# make && make install
如果安装出错，想重新安装：
    不用重新解压，只需要删除安装目录中的缓存文件CMakeCache.txt

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需要很长时间！大约半小时
8、初始化

[root@mysql-server mysql-5.7.27]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysql-server mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql .
[root@mysql-server mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data     ---初始化完成之后，一定要记住提示最后的密码用于登陆或者修改密码

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初始化,只需要初始化一次

[root@mysql-server ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf    ---添加如下内容
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql     #指定安装目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data  #指定数据存放目录

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9、启动mysql

[root@mysql-server ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysql-server mysql]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

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10、登录mysql

[root@mysql-server mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'GP9TKGgY9i/8'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.27

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit

11、修改密码

[root@mysql-server mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p'GP9TKGgY9i/8'  password 'Duan@123'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

修改密码不成功，提示密码过期，需要使用原码登陆MySQL然后执行：

mysql>set password = "new password";

12、添加环境变量

[root@mysql-server mysql]# vim /etc/profile    ---添加如下
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@mysql-server mysql]# source /etc/profile
之后就可以在任何地方使用mysql命令登陆Mysql服务器：
[root@mysql-server mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'QianFeng@123'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.27 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>exit

13、配置mysqld服务的管理工具：

[root@mysql-server mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@mysql-server support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql-server support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@mysql-server support-files]# chkconfig mysqld on
先将原来的进程杀掉
[root@mysql-server ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@mysql-server ~]# netstat -lntp 
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1087/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1087/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      31249/mysqld        
[root@mysql-server ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop

数据库编译安装完成.

yum安装MySQL

关闭防火墙和selinux

mysql的官方网站：www.mysql.com

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拉到底

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下载
[root@mysql-server ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
或者下载到本地上传到服务器

2.安装mysql的yum仓库

[root@mysql-server ~]# rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
[root@mysql-server ~]# yum -y install yum-utils    #安装yum工具包

3、配置yum源

[root@mysql-server ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo   #修改如下

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1表示开启，0表示关闭

或者

# yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community   将禁用的yum源库启用
# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community   将启用的yum源库禁用

4、安装数据库

[root@mysql-server ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server
启动服务
[root@mysql-server ~]# systemctl start mysqld
设置开机启动
[root@mysql-server ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

5、查找密码

密码保存在日志文件中
[root@mysql-server ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-08-18T14:03:51.991454Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: woHtkMgau9,w

6、修改密码

[root@mysql-server ~]# mysql -uroot -p'woHtkMgau9,w'   #登录
两种方式：
第一种：
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Duan@123';
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysql -uroot -p'woHtkMgau9,w'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.27
....
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Duan@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Duan@123'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.27 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
...
mysql> exit
Bye
第二种：
# mysqladmin -u root -p'旧密码' password '新密码'
注：修改密码必须大小写数字和特殊符号都有。

修改密码不成功，提示密码过期，需要使用原码登陆MySQL然后执行：

mysql>set password = "new password";

扩展

通过配置文件设置密码强度，生产环境中一般不予许使用

[root@mysql-server ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf   #在最后添加如下内容
validate_password=off
[root@mysql-server ~]# systemctl restart mysqld   #重启mysql生效
可以用第二种方式修改为简单的密码：
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'QianFeng@123' password 'qf123'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysql -uroot -pqf123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.27 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit
Bye

    编译安装：
    # ls
    COPYING       README       bin   include  mysql-test  support-files
    COPYING-test  README-test  docs  lib      share
    
    1、bin目录
    用于放置一些可执行文件，如mysql、mysqld、mysqlbinlog等。
    2、include目录
    用于放置一些头文件，如：mysql.h、mysql_ername.h等。
    3、lib目录
    用于放置一系列库文件。
    4、share目录
    用于存放字符集、语言等信息。
    
    yum安装：
    /var/lib/mysql   存放数据文件
    /usr/share/mysql  用于存放字符集、语言等信息。