centos7安装配置MySQL

一、系统环境

[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core) 

二、MySQL安装
执行下面语句安装MySQL

[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]# yum install mysql
[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]# yum install mysql-server
[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]# yum install mysql-devel

安装mysql和mysql-devel都成功，但是安装mysql-server失败，如下：

[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]# yum install mysql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.sina.cn
 * extras: mirrors.sina.cn
 * updates: mirrors.sina.cn
No package mysql-server available.
Error: Nothing to do

因为CentOS 7 版本将MySQL数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用mariadb代替了。
解决方法：

[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]# yum install mysql-community-server

安装成功后重启MySQL服务

[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]# service mysqld restart

首次安装mysql，root账户没有密码

[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]# mysql -u root 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

设置密码，本例已'password'作为密码，管理员修改设置自己的密码

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

不需要重启MySQL即可生效

三、MySQL环境配置
1. 编码设置
mysql配置文件为/etc/my.cnf
在最后加上编码配置

[mysql]
default-character-set =utf8

这里的字符编码必须和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致

<charset name="utf8">
  <family>Unicode</family>
  <description>UTF-8 Unicode</description>
  <alias>utf-8</alias>
  <collation name="utf8_general_ci" id="33">
   <flag>primary</flag>
   <flag>compiled</flag>
  </collation>
  <collation name="utf8_bin"        id="83">
    <flag>binary</flag>
    <flag>compiled</flag>
  </collation>
</charset>

2. 远程连接设置
把所有数据库的所有表的所有权限赋值给位于所有IP地址的root用户

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by 'password';

如果是新用户而不是root，则要先新建用户

mysql>create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';  

设置完成有必要用下面指令刷新

mysql>flush privileges;

设置完成后就可以远程连接了