本题出自TPO44 Passage 1 From Fish to Terrestrial Vertebrates
原句案例
Gills were undoubtedly the main source of oxygen for these fish, but the lungs served as an auxiliary breathing device for gulping air when the water became oxygen depleted, such as during extended periods of drought.
词汇讲解
gills n. 鱼鳃
auxiliary n. 辅助的，备用的
gulping n. 狼吞虎咽
depleted v. 耗尽，枯竭
句子分析
主句+分句1+分句2（时间状语）
主句：
Gills were undoubtedly the main source of oxygen for these fish
分句1：but the lungs served as an auxiliary breathing device for gulping air
分句2：when the water became oxygen depleted, such as during extended periods of drought.
参考翻译
鳃无疑是这些鱼获得氧气的主要来源，但当水中氧气耗尽时，比如在长期干旱时，肺可以充当一个辅助呼吸装置。
原题解析
5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Because the lungs of these fish were able to provide only a small amount of oxygen, these fish obtained most of their oxygen through their gills during periods of drought.
B. During periods of extended drought, these fish used their lungs to increase their intake of oxygen beyond the levels absorbed by the gills in normal times.
C. Although these fish primarily used their gills to obtain oxygen, they used their lungs to obtain oxygen from the air when there was not enough in the water.
D. During periods of extended drought, the gills became an auxiliary breathing device and the lungs became the main source of oxygen for these fish.
高亮文本的含义是，腮是氧气大部分来源(的器官)，而肺是在例如水中氧气耗尽时时候辅助呼吸的工具，比如说特别长的干旱期。 A选项改变因果关系，lungs 和 gills的功用弄反;B选项原文中没有对干旱时期和平常时期的氧气吸入水平的比较；D选项改变信息，“the gills became an auxiliary breathing device”不是lungs
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