MyBatis 分表插件之并发安全(三)

作者: 西5d | 来源:发表于2020-04-10 19:04 被阅读0次

    前言

    这是Mybatis缓存插件系列的第三篇文章,不熟悉的同学可以看下上两篇。缓存篇(二), 原理入门(一)
    上一篇中介绍了给分表插件添加缓存,主要是用来处理解析SQL获取原始表名称。文章提到,在单应用debug跟踪的时候,是没有问题的。但是实际环境中,由于没有协调对缓存的访问和修改,会造成取到错误的结果,导致请求失败。虽然当时使用了ConrrentHashMap,但是解析的结果是保存在一个对象中的,因此这里操作map是线程安全的,但是保存的对象字段仍然可以修改,并发下会有问题,这就是最终的原因。所以在测试环境部署后,会看到表名称没有替换,导致SQL执行失败。今天这篇文章就是介绍如何保证,SQL解析缓存的线程安全。

    paprika

    思路

    首先,可以知道线程安全的问题主要是并发修改和访问导致的,我们可以在修改时锁定对象,这里对应过来就是:在map的更改操作加锁;除了这个还有一种思路。上面提到,虽然使用了ConcurrentHashMap,保证了操作解析对象的线程安全,但是对象的字段修改却不是线程安全的,因此可以在操作解析对象指定字段的时候加锁,这样来协调多线程并发的修改和访问。 最终,这边采用了给整个修改操作加锁的方式,可以看下面的代码和解析。

    代码

    解析结果对象

     @Data
        private static final class ShardEntity {
            //执行SQL,开始考虑缓存,Mapper中一个方法对应一条方法,但是对于in等可变参数的SQL无法支持。
            private String statement;
            //原始表名称
            private String originTableName;
            //方法拆分键
            private String shardKey;
        }
    

    分表插件类

    @Intercepts(@Signature(
            type = StatementHandler.class,
            method = "prepare",
            args = {Connection.class, Integer.class}
    ))
    @Component
    public class ShardInterceptor implements Interceptor, Ordered {
        private static final ReflectorFactory defaultReflectorFactory = new DefaultReflectorFactory();
        private static final HashMap<String, ShardEntity> MAPPER_SHARD_CACHE = new HashMap<>();
    
        @Resource
        private Properties shardConfigProperties;
    
        @Override
        public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
            StatementHandler statementHandler = (StatementHandler) invocation.getTarget();
            MetaObject metaObject = MetaObject.forObject(statementHandler,
                    SystemMetaObject.DEFAULT_OBJECT_FACTORY,
                    SystemMetaObject.DEFAULT_OBJECT_WRAPPER_FACTORY,
                    defaultReflectorFactory
            );
    
            MappedStatement mappedStatement = (MappedStatement) metaObject.getValue("delegate.mappedStatement");
            String id = mappedStatement.getId();
    
            BoundSql boundSql = statementHandler.getBoundSql();
            HashMap<String, Object> parameterObject = (HashMap<String, Object>) boundSql.getParameterObject();
    
            //对整个修改map的操作加同步,但这样锁的粒度较大。
            synchronized (MAPPER_SHARD_CACHE) {
                
                //这里直接使用的普通HashMap
                ShardEntity shardEntity = MAPPER_SHARD_CACHE.get(id);
                String sql = boundSql.getSql();
                if (null != shardEntity) {
                    if (null == shardEntity.getShardKey() || null == shardEntity.getOriginTableName()) {
                        return invocation.proceed();
                    }
                    Long value = (Long) parameterObject.get(shardEntity.getShardKey());
                    String originTable = shardEntity.getOriginTableName();
                    renameTable(boundSql, sql, value, originTable);
                    return invocation.proceed();
                } else {
                    shardEntity = new ShardEntity();
                    shardEntity.setStatement(sql);
                    MAPPER_SHARD_CACHE.put(id, shardEntity);
                }
    
                String dao = id.substring(0, id.lastIndexOf("."));
                String methodName = id.substring(id.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
                Class clazz = Class.forName(dao);
    
                for (Method method : clazz.getMethods()) {
                    if (method.getName().equals(methodName)) {
                        Annotation[][] parameterAnnotations = method.getParameterAnnotations();
                        int idx = 0;
                        for (Annotation[] pa : parameterAnnotations) {
                            for (Annotation a : pa) {
                                if (a instanceof ShardBy) {
                                    String shardKey = method.getParameters()[idx].getName();
                                    Long value = (Long) parameterObject.get(shardKey);
                                    String originTable = getTableName(sql);
                                    renameTable(boundSql, sql, value, originTable);
                                    ShardEntity entity = MAPPER_SHARD_CACHE.get(id);
                                    if (null == entity) {
                                        shardEntity.setOriginTableName(originTable);
                                        shardEntity.setShardKey(shardKey);
                                    } else {
                                        entity.setOriginTableName(originTable);
                                        entity.setShardKey(shardKey);
                                    }
                                    return invocation.proceed();
                                }
                            }
                            idx++;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
    
            return invocation.proceed();
        }
    
        private void renameTable(BoundSql boundSql, String sql, Long value, String originTable) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
            String forwardTable = shard(originTable, value);
            Field field = boundSql.getClass().getDeclaredField("sql");
            field.setAccessible(true);
            field.set(boundSql, sql.replace(originTable, forwardTable));
        }
    
        private String shard(String tableName, Long value) {
            return tableName + "_" + value % Integer.parseInt(shardConfigProperties.getProperty("mod"));
        }
    
        private String getTableName(String sql) throws Throwable {
            SQLParseInfo parseInfo = SQLParseInfo.getParseInfo(sql);
            if (parseInfo.getTables() == null || parseInfo.getTables().length != 1) {
                throw new Throwable("表数目不为1");
            }
            return parseInfo.getTables()[0].getName();
        }
    }
    

    说明

    以上就是修改后的代码,具体更多的细节可以看之前的两篇文章。这里是对整个缓存MAP的所有操作加了同步Sychronize,可见锁定的范围是比较大的。这里至少要保存拆分键和原始表名,因此解析对象建议还是保留,如果要降低锁的粒度,可以尝试在ShardEntity操作时加同步策略。

    总结

    分表插件起源于老项目迁移SpringBoot+MyBatis,目前完成了上线,单机QPS在50左右,高峰超过100,在这个过程中,自己开发了项目迁移脚本(转换生成Mapper.xml),自动批量验证DAO层接口(可以看之前的文章)。总的来说,循序渐进完成了项目的迁移工作,当然其中也遇到了很多问题并随之解决。

    说点题外的吧,可能觉得有点重复造轮子,但是由于各种原因,很多现成的东西并不能直接拿过来用,而且有时候执行迁移的成本也很高。如果有遇到类似能做深入开发的机会,最好在能有把握完成的前提下自己开动,也是一种锻炼和提升的机会。一来业务开发中,相关的机会现实中并不多,再说多数情况下,想法容易,但要实际落地可用是比较难的。
    感谢阅读~

    更新 (2020-04-20)

    更新了最新版本,去掉了synchronized.

    @Intercepts(@Signature(
            type = StatementHandler.class,
            method = "prepare",
            args = {Connection.class, Integer.class}
    ))
    @Component
    public class ShardInterceptor implements Interceptor, Ordered {
        private static final ReflectorFactory defaultReflectorFactory = new DefaultReflectorFactory();
        private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, ShardEntity> MAPPER_SHARD_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
    
        @Resource
        private Properties shardConfigProperties;
    
        private int mod;
    
        @PostConstruct
        public void init() {
            mod = Integer.parseInt(shardConfigProperties.getProperty("mod"));
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
            long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
            try {
                StatementHandler statementHandler = (StatementHandler) invocation.getTarget();
                MetaObject metaObject = MetaObject.forObject(statementHandler,
                        SystemMetaObject.DEFAULT_OBJECT_FACTORY,
                        SystemMetaObject.DEFAULT_OBJECT_WRAPPER_FACTORY,
                        defaultReflectorFactory
                );
    
                MappedStatement mappedStatement = (MappedStatement) metaObject.getValue("delegate.mappedStatement");
                String id = mappedStatement.getId();
    
                BoundSql boundSql = statementHandler.getBoundSql();
                HashMap<String, Object> parameterObject = (HashMap<String, Object>) boundSql.getParameterObject();
    
                ShardEntity shardEntity = MAPPER_SHARD_CACHE.get(id);
                String sql = boundSql.getSql();
                if (null != shardEntity) {
                    if (null == shardEntity.getShardKey()) {
                        return invocation.proceed();
                    }
                    Long value = (Long) parameterObject.get(shardEntity.getShardKey());
                    String originTable = shardEntity.getOriginTableName();
                    renameTable(boundSql, sql, value, originTable);
                    return invocation.proceed();
                }
    
                String dao = id.substring(0, id.lastIndexOf("."));
                String methodName = id.substring(id.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
                Class clazz = Class.forName(dao);
    
                for (Method method : clazz.getMethods()) {
                    if (method.getName().equals(methodName)) {
                        Annotation[][] parameterAnnotations = method.getParameterAnnotations();
                        int idx = 0;
                        for (Annotation[] pa : parameterAnnotations) {
                            for (Annotation a : pa) {
                                if (a instanceof ShardBy) {
                                    String shardKey = method.getParameters()[idx].getName();
                                    Long value = (Long) parameterObject.get(shardKey);
                                    String originTable = getTableName(sql);
                                    renameTable(boundSql, sql, value, originTable);
                                    shardEntity = new ShardEntity();
                                    shardEntity.setStatement(sql);
                                    shardEntity.setOriginTableName(originTable);
                                    shardEntity.setShardKey(shardKey);
                                    MAPPER_SHARD_CACHE.put(id, shardEntity);
                                    return invocation.proceed();
                                }
                            }
                            idx++;
                        }
                    }
                }
                //非拆分表
                shardEntity = new ShardEntity();
                MAPPER_SHARD_CACHE.put(id, shardEntity);
                return invocation.proceed();
            } finally {
                Counter.count("shard_mapper_millis", System.currentTimeMillis() - time);
            }
        }
    

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