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1. 副词的构成
(1) 规则副词
这类副词由形容词加后缀 -ly 构成。例如:
slow => slowly
careful => carefully
其结构规则如下:
1) 以 -y 结尾的形容词,先变 y 为 i,再加-ly。例如:
easy => easily
pretty => prettily
crazy => crazily
2) 以 -le 结尾的形容词,变 e 为 i 即可。例如:
sensible => sensibly
undeniable => undeniably
3) 以 ue 结尾的形容词,先掉 e ,然后再加 ly 。例如:
true => truly
due => duly
注意:某些以 -ly 结尾的副词词义与原来形容词的词义不同。 例如:
hardly:I hardly ever go there. (我极少去那里。)
lately:He hasn't been well lately. (他近来身体不好。)
highly:She spoke highly fo him. (她对他赞不绝口。)
nearly: I nearly died of shock. (我几乎触电而死。)
(2)不规则副词
某些副词与相对意义的形容词同形。例如:
形容词:It's a hard life.
副词:He works hard.
形容词:I usually get the early train.
副词:She always gets there early.
2. 副词的比较
(1) 副词的规则比较形式
1)通常在副词前加上 more 构成比较级,加上 most 构成最高级。例如:
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
---|---|---|
slowly | more slowly | most slowly |
carefully | more carefully | most carefully |
2) 少数单或双音节的副词上加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。例如:
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
---|---|---|
hard | harder | hardest |
fast | faster | fastest |
early | earlier | earliest |
(2)副词的不规则比较级
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
---|---|---|
well | better | best |
hadly | worse | worst |
little | less | least |
much | more | most |
far | farther;further | farthest;furthest |
late | later | last |
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