First of all, let me get something straight: This is a Journal, not a diary.

生词

Journal

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Diary

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I know what it sys on the cover, but when Mom went out to buy this thing I specifically told her to get one that didn't say "dairy" on it.

句法

三个从句

1. I know what it says on the cover.
2. get one that didn't say dairy on it
   一、在名词性从句中， that, what和which 的区别：
   1.that引导名词性从句时只起连接从句的作用，本身没有任何意义，因此在从句中不充当任何句子成分，它的使用须注意以下几点：
   A.引导宾语从句时，that常可省略，但如果主句后跟有并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that; 若宾语从句前插有别的从句时，that也不能省略。例如:
   He told me (that) he was all right and that he would come to see me when he was free. 他告诉我说他很好，并说在他有空时来看我。
   B. that引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略。如果it作形式主语，而that从句置于句末， 这时that可以省略。例如:
   That he has lost his work is not true. 他丢了工作不是真的。
   =It is not true (that) he has lost his work.
   C.当主语为the reason时，注意应用that 引导其表语从句，不能受汉语影响而误用because. 例如:
   The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车。(此句中的that不可用because代替)
   D.引导同位语从句时，切不可错用which. 例如:
   Word has come that some American guests will come to visit our school next week. 有消息说下周将有一些美国客人来我校参观。
   2.what与which引导名词性从句时都在从句中充当句子的某一成份，如主语、表语、宾语或定语，其区别是：what表示泛指的事物，常译为“什么”或“所……的事物”， whatever是它的强语势“无论什么”; which表示特定事物中的“哪一个(些)”，一般情况下在从句中充当定语，后接名词，在一定的语境中，它所修饰的名词可以省略，whichever是它的强语势“无论哪一个(些)”。例如:
   I believe what (whatever) he says. 我相信他说的(不管他说什么我都相信)。
   I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 这个书架上的(任何一本)书，只要她喜欢，我都会给她。
   二、what不能引导定语从句。that和which引导定语从句的区别：
   1．代表物时，that和which可以通用；作宾语时，可以省略。例如：
   Most of the light（that／which）we get is from the sun．我们得到的大多数光来自太阳。
   This is the museum（that／which）they visited last year．这就是他们去年参观过的博物馆。
   2．关系代词that可以代表人，而 which不可代表人，只能代表物。例如：
   The man who（that）made the discovery was a Chinese．发现这个东西的人是个中国人。
   The worker that is talking with our headmaster is Mr Green．正在和我们校长谈话的那个工人是格林先生。
   3．that代表人时，在从句中可以起who或whom的作用，但不能起whose的作用。例如：
   I have a brother who（that）is a scientist．我有个当科学家的哥哥。
   The man（whom ／that）we met just now was a computer engineer．我们刚才碰到的那个人是个电脑工程师。
   The boy whose name was Thomas was selling newspaper on a train．那个名叫汤姆斯的孩子在火车上卖报。
   4．在下列情况下，通常只用that，而不用which或who.
   （1）当定语从句所修饰的是不定代词，如all，anything，everything，nothing，everybody，someone等。例如：
   All（that）we need is your help．我们所需要的是你的帮助。
   There is somebody that wants to see you．有人要见你。
   Is there anything that I can do for you in town？有什么事我可以代你在城里办吗？
   （2）当定语从句所修饰的名词前面有形容词最高级作定语时。例如：
   This is the most wonderful exhibition（that）I've ever visited．这是我参观过的最好的展览。
   This is the best film that I've seen．这是我看过的最好的一场电影。
   （3）当定语从句所修饰的名词前面有only，any等词时。例如：
   This is the only picture（that）she has left me．这是她给我留下的唯一的一张照片。
   You may take any book（that）you like．你可以拿走任何一本你喜欢的书。
   （4）当定语从句所修饰的名词前有the early，the last或序数词时。例如：
   The early bus that left here was at five o'clock in the morning．头班车早晨五点钟离开此地。
   This is the first place that I visited last time．这是我上次首先参观的地方。
   5．在下列情况下，通常只用which而不用that。
   （1）关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时：
   Bamboo stem is hollow，which makes them very light．竹杆是空心的，这使得它们非常轻。
   （2）当which代表整个主语的意思时：
   He broke my window，which made me very angry．他打碎了我的窗户，这件事使我生气。
   The earth is round，which we know now．正如我们现在所知道的，地球是圆的。
   （3）在“介词＋关系词”的结构中：
   There are many books on his desk，most of which are about scientific experiments．他桌上有许多书，这些书大都是关于科学实验的。
3. When mom went out to buy this thing

词组

go out
told sb to do