12. Nginx实现FastCGI

作者: 随便写写咯 | 来源:发表于2021-03-21 03:31 被阅读0次

6.3 实现FastCGI

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nginx只支持基于FastCGI协议, 与后端的php服务器相连, 不支持模块形式
客户端与nginx通过http/https协议通信, nginx通过FastCGI与php-fpm通信, php-fpm与MySQL通过MySQL协议通信
属于异构代理

6.3.1 FastCGI案例: Nginx与php-fpm部署在同一服务器, 部署WordPress

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配置php-fpm

1. 安装php-fpm

[01:26:30 root@nginx ~]#dnf -y install php-fpm

1. 修改www.conf文件, 指定php-fpm以nginx账号运行

[01:26:54 root@nginx ~]#vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 
user = nginx
group = nginx

1. php-fpm监听端口

# 因为是和nginx部署在同一个服务器, 所以监听socket即可
listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock

1. 修改socket文件的权限

listen.owner = nginx
listen.group = nginx                                                                                                                                                                
listen.mode = 0660

1. 开启php的状态页面和ping探测

pm.status_path = /status
ping.path = /ping

# 利用sed命令修改
sed -ri.bak -e 's#^user = apache#user = nginx#' -e 's#^group = apache#group = nginx#' -e 's#^;listen.owner = nobody#listen.owner = nginx#' -e 's#^;listen.group = nobody#listen.group = nginx#' -e 's#^;listen.mode = 0660#listen.mode = 0660#' -e 's#^;(pm.status_path = /status)#\1#' -e 's#^;(ping.path = /ping)#\1#' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

1. 启动php-fpm, 验证配置

[01:35:20 root@nginx ~]#systemctl enable --now php-fpm
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

[01:35:38 root@nginx ~]#ll /run/php-fpm/www.sock 
srw-rw----+ 1 root root 0 Mar 21 01:35 /run/php-fpm/www.sock

创建存放php文件的目录

[01:35:51 root@nginx ~]#mkdir /data/php

1. 创建php信息页面

[01:37:43 root@nginx ~]#vim /data/php/info.php

<?php
    phpinfo();                                                                                                                                                                      
?>

yum安装nginx

[00:17:50 root@nginx-php ~]#yum -y install nginx
[00:17:56 root@nginx-php ~]#rm -rf /etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm.conf # yum安装的nginx, 主配置文件包含了conf.d的include指令
[00:21:02 root@nginx-php ~]#rm -f  /etc/nginx/default.d/php.conf # yum安装的nginx, 主配置文件包含了default.d的include指令
# 删除两个配置文件, 这两个文件会由php-fpm包提供, 文件定义了upstream php-fpm模板的FastCGI配置文件, 会影响之后单独为wordpress创建子配置文件

配置nginx, 将php请求转发到本地的php-fpm

[00:18:04 root@nginx-php ~]#vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;  # yum安装的nginx, 在http语句块自带include指令

[00:20:07 root@nginx-php ~]#mkdir -pv /etc/nginx/conf.d

# 这里建立一个专门的虚拟主机, wordpress.wang.org做实验
# 以下两种fastcgi_param的配置方法都可以

server {                                                                                                                                                                            
    listen 80;
    server_name wordpress.wang.org;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;  
    root /data/php;

    location ~ \.php$ {                                                                                                                                                        
    root           /data/php;
    fastcgi_pass   unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
    }

}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name wordpress.wang.org;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;
    root /data/php;

    location ~ \.php$ {
    root           /data/php;
    fastcgi_pass   unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /data/php$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
    }

}

[01:48:11 root@nginx /apps/nginx/conf.d]#nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[01:48:12 root@nginx /apps/nginx/conf.d]#systemctl restart nginx

客户端测试

添加DNS解析
10.0.0.86 wordpress.wang.org

[01:52:23 root@client ~]#curl -I wordpress.wang.org/info.php
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.18.0
Date: Sat, 20 Mar 2021 17:52:32 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.2.24

图片.png

10.0.0.85- 安装MySQL

[00:38:09 root@mysql ~]#yum -y install mysql-server

# 创建wordpress账号, 并授权
[01:56:23 root@mysql ~]#mysql -e 'create database wordpress'
[01:55:17 root@mysql ~]#mysql -e 'create user wordpress@"10.0.0.%" identified by "wordpress"'
[01:55:57 root@mysql ~]#mysql -e 'grant all on wordpress.* to wordpress@"10.0.0.%"'

部署wordpress

[02:02:27 root@nginx ~]#tar xf wordpress-5.4.2-zh_CN.tar.gz 
[02:07:40 root@nginx ~]#mv wordpress /data/php
[02:07:54 root@nginx ~]#ls /data/php
info.php  wordpress

[02:08:01 root@nginx ~]#yum -y install php-mysqlnd php-json

# 将nginx配置文件中, 虚拟主机的root, 修改为/data/php, 否则只有对于.php页面的请求会被转发到/data/php下
# 而其他静态资源, 因为没有定义location, 因此会去默认站点定义的家目录查找, 结果就是静态资源不会显示
# 或者把wordpress整个目录, 拷贝一份到默认站点家目录也行
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name wordpress.wang.org;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;
    root /data/php;    # 定义root为/data/php, 这样就需要访问wordpress.wang.org/wordpress才会访问到wordpress主页面.     
                                                                                                                                                
    location ~ \.php$ {
    root           /data/php;
    fastcgi_pass   unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
    }

}

# 另一个方法是定义两个location

[23:09:45 root@wordpress ~]#vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf 

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name wordpress.wang.org;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    location ~ \.php$ {                                                                  
    root           /data/php;
    fastcgi_pass   unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    location / {
    root /data/php;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;
   }

}
# 也可以把root都定义为/data/php/wordpress, 这样只要访问wordpress.php.org就可以访问到主页面了

[02:08:46 root@nginx ~]#systemctl restart php-fpm
[02:08:46 root@nginx ~]#systemctl restart nginx

# 准备wordpress配置文件, 配置数据库信息

[00:31:42 root@php-fpm ~]#mv /data/php/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php  /data/php/wordpress/wp-config.php 

[00:31:42 root@php-fpm ~]#vim /data/php/wordpress/wp-config.php

define( 'DB_NAME', 'wordpress' );
  
/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define( 'DB_USER', 'wordpress' );

/** MySQL数据库密码 */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'wordpress' );

/** MySQL主机 */
define( 'DB_HOST', '10.0.0.85' );

[00:39:14 root@nginx-php ~]#chown -R nginx.nginx /data/php/wordpress # 修改wordpress目录权限为nginx

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配置状态页面, 和ping检查

    location ~ ^/(ping|status)$ {                                                                                                                                                
    
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
        fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

nginx -s reload

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6.3.2 FastCGI案例: Nginx与php-fpm部署在不同服务器

图片.png

静态资源由nginx响应, 动态php程序通过FastCGI转给php-fpm服务器, 因此, 在nginx和fpm上, 都要有wordpress文件

10.0.0.84-安装,配置php-fpm

安装php-fpm

[02:30:42 root@CentOS-8-4 ~]#hostname php-fpm
[02:33:38 root@CentOS-8-4 ~]#yum -y install php-fpm 
[02:48:34 root@php-fpm ~]#yum -y install php-mysqlnd php-json

配置fpm

user = nginx 
group = nginx
listen = 9000  
listen.owner = nginx
listen.group = nginx                                                                                                                                                                
listen.mode = 0660
;listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1   # 注释掉这行, 允许所有主机访问
pm.status_path = /status 
ping.path = /ping

[23:56:58 root@php-fpm ~]#sed -ri.bak -e 's#^user = apache#user = nginx#' -e 's#^group = apache#group = nginx#' -e 's#^listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock#listen = 9000#' -e 's#^;listen.owner = nobody#listen.owner = nginx#' -e 's#^;listen.group = nobody#listen.group = nginx#' -e 's#^;listen.mode = 0660#listen.mode = 0660#' -e 's#^(listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1)#;\1#' -e 's#^;(pm.status_path = /status)#\1#' -e 's#^;(ping.path = /ping)#\1#' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

创建nginx账号

[02:38:34 root@php-fpm ~]#useradd -r nginx -s /sbin/nologin

启动php-fpm

[02:38:55 root@php-fpm ~]#systemctl enable --now php-fpm
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

# 确保监听9000端口
[02:39:41 root@php-fpm ~]#ss -ntl
State                   Recv-Q                  Send-Q                                    Local Address:Port                                     Peer Address:Port                  
LISTEN                  0                       128                                             0.0.0.0:22                                            0.0.0.0:*                     
LISTEN                  0                       128                                                   *:9000                                                *:*                     
LISTEN                  0                       128                                                [::]:22                                               [::]:*

修改nginx配置

[00:03:58 root@nginx ~]#vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf

server {                                                                                                                                                                            

    listen 80;
    server_name wordpress.wang.org;


    location / {

        root /data/php; # 静态资源, 由nginx本地予以响应, 因此, 在nginx本地的root目录下, 也要有wordpress文件
        index index.php index.html index.htm;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {

        root /data/php;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;
        fastcgi_pass 10.0.0.88:9000;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_index index.php;

    }
    location ~ ^/(ping|status)$ {                                                                                                                                                
 
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass 10.0.0.88:9000;
        fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }


}

[02:41:44 root@nginx ~]#systemctl restart nginx

准备wordpress文件和info.php

# 准备info.php
[00:06:23 root@php-fpm ~]#mkdir -pv /data/php
mkdir: created directory '/data/php'
[00:06:30 root@php-fpm ~]#cd /data/php
[00:06:33 root@php-fpm /data/php]#vim info.php
<?php
    phpinfo();                                                                                                                                                                      
?>

# 准备wordpress
[00:22:55 root@php-fpm /data/php]#tar xvf wordpress-5.7.2.tar.gz
[00:23:08 root@php-fpm /data/php]#ll
total 15392
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root         24 Jun  5 00:12 info.php
drwxr-xr-x 5 nobody nobody     4096 May 13 07:49 wordpress
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   15750424 Jun  1 18:24 wordpress-5.7.2.tar.gz

[00:23:10 root@php-fpm /data/php]#mv /data/php/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php  /data/php/wordpress/wp-config.php 
[00:23:41 root@php-fpm /data/php]#vim /data/php/wordpress/wp-config.php

/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define( 'DB_NAME', 'wordpress' );

/** MySQL database username */
define( 'DB_USER', 'wordpress' );

/** MySQL database password */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'wordpress' );

/** MySQL hostname */
define( 'DB_HOST', '10.0.0.84' );

# nginx上创建/data/php目录
[00:26:39 root@nginx ~]#mkdir /data/php

# 将wordpress目录从php-fpm拷贝到nginx
[00:28:33 root@php-fpm /data/php]#scp -r wordpress/ 10.0.0.87:/data/php

部署MySQL

# 10.0.0.84
[00:19:06 root@mysql ~]#yum -y install mysql-server; systemctl enable --now mysqld
mysql> create database wordpress;
mysql> create user wordpress@"10.0.0.%" identified by "wordpress";
mysql> grant all on wordpress.* to wordpress@"10.0.0.%";

测试状态页和ping检测

图片.png

测试wordpress访问

图片.png

6.3.3 实现动静分离

动静分离: 即把静态和动态资源的请求, 通过nginx, 转发到后端不同的服务器上
通过用户访问的URL路径, 进行动静判断, 使用location进行调度
实现动静分离还需要看开发的代码. 因为需要把静态资源部署到静态服务器, 动态资源部署到动态服务器. 最简单的办法就是在静态和动态服务器上都拷贝相同的代码

动静分离场景

图片.png

案例: 将客户端对php以外的资源的请求转发到后端服务器10.0.0.83上

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6.3.3.1 配置nginx实现反向代理的动静分离

[00:42:43 root@nginx ~]#yum -y install nginx; systemctl enable --now nginx

子配置文件定义location

[00:54:49 root@nginx ~]#vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name test.wang.org;

    location ~ \.php$ {

    root           /data/php; # 在php服务器上创建php文件家目录

    index index.php index.html index.htm;
    fastcgi_pass   10.0.0.88:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    location  / {
        proxy_pass http://10.0.0.85;
        root /var/www/html;
        index index.html;
    }

    location ~ ^/(ping|status)$ {

        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass 10.0.0.88:9000;
        fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

    }
}

[00:55:05 root@nginx ~]#systemctl restart nginx
[00:55:13 root@nginx ~]#ss -ntl
State                   Recv-Q                  Send-Q                                    Local Address:Port                                     Peer Address:Port                  
LISTEN                  0                       128                                             0.0.0.0:22                                            0.0.0.0:*                     
LISTEN                  0                       128                                             0.0.0.0:80                                            0.0.0.0:*                     
LISTEN                  0                       128                                                [::]:22                                               [::]:*                     
LISTEN                  0                       128                                                [::]:80                                               [::]:*

6.3.3.2 准备apache服务器

# 10.0.0.83

[03:17:09 root@apache ~]#yum -y install httpd; echo 'webpage in 10.0.0.85' > /var/www/html/index.html; systemctl enable --now httpd

[03:17:07 root@apache ~]#curl 10.0.0.83
webpage in 10.0.0.83

6.3.3.3 准备php服务器

[00:42:49 root@php-fpm ~]#yum -y install php-fpm

[01:01:23 root@php-fpm ~]#sed -ri.bak -e 's#^user = apache#user = nginx#' -e 's#^group = apache#group = nginx#' -e 's#^listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock#listen = 9000#' -e 's#^;listen.owner = nobody#listen.owner = nginx#' -e 's#^;listen.group = nobody#listen.group = nginx#' -e 's#^;listen.mode = 0660#listen.mode = 0660#' -e 's#^(listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1)#;\1#' -e 's#^;(pm.status_path = /status)#\1#' -e 's#^;(ping.path = /ping)#\1#' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

[00:57:47 root@php-fpm ~]#systemctl enable --now php-fpm
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

# 准备php文件
[00:57:53 root@php-fpm ~]#mkdir /data/php
[00:58:16 root@php-fpm ~]#vim /data/php/info.php

<?php
    phpinfo();                                                                                                                                                                      
?>

6.3.3.4 修改DNS解析, 测试访问

10.0.0.87 test.wang.oog

图片.png

12. Nginx实现FastCGI

6.3 实现FastCGI

6.3.1 FastCGI案例: Nginx与php-fpm部署在同一服务器, 部署WordPress

6.3.2 FastCGI案例: Nginx与php-fpm部署在不同服务器

6.3.3 实现动静分离

6.3.3.1 配置nginx实现反向代理的动静分离

6.3.3.2 准备apache服务器

6.3.3.3 准备php服务器

6.3.3.4 修改DNS解析, 测试访问

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