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面向对象·重构·设计模式

面向对象·重构·设计模式

作者: 黄大海 | 来源:发表于2021-01-27 10:57 被阅读0次

    设计模式六大原则

    • 单一职责原则
    • 开闭原则
    • 里氏替换原则
    • 依赖倒置原则
    • 接口隔离原则
    • 迪米特法则

    代码的坏味道

    Long Method(过长方法)

    public void reserve(Integer orderId){
        //此处省略1000行代码
        //行复杂度1000,分支复杂度100
    }
    

    方案:拆分成独立的子方法

    //level 1
    public boolean reserve(Integer orderId){
        ReserveContext context = fetchData(orderId);
        
        if(!precheckInventory(context)){
            insufficientInventory(context);
            return false;
        }
        
        if(reserveEntirely(context)){
            return true;
        }
        
        insufficientInventory(context);
        return false;
    }
    
    //level 2
    private ReserveContext fetchData(Integer orderId){
        //此处有100行
    }
    
    //level 2
    private boolean precheckInventory(ReserveContext context){
        //此处有100行
    }
    
    //level 2
    private boolean insufficientInventory(ReserveContext context){
        //其他代码100行
        addInventoryDemand();
        notifyLackGoodsCancel();
    }
    
    //level 2
    private boolean reserveEntirely(ReserveContext context){
        //其他代码100行
        deductInventory();
        updateOrder();
        notifyPick();
        notifyAutoDeliver();
    }
    
    //level 3
    private boolean addInventoryDemand(){
        //此处有100行
    }
    
    //level 3
    private boolean deductInventory(){
        //此处有100行
    }
    
    //level 3
    private boolean updateOrder(){
        //此处有20行
    }
    
    //level 3
    private boolean notifyPick(){
        //此处有30行
    }
    
    //level 3
    private boolean notifyAutoDeliver(){
        //此处有125行
    }
    
    //level 3
    private boolean notifyLackGoodsCancel(){
        //此处有50行
    }
    
    
    

    Large Class(过大类)

    方案:把不同的业务拆分到独立的类中

    class InventoryServiceImpl implements InventoryService {
        //level 3
        private boolean addInventoryDemand(){
            //此处有100行
        }
        
        //level 3
        private boolean deductInventory(){
            //此处有100行
        }
    }
    
    interface ReserveListener{
        void onInventoryInsufficient(ReserveContext context);
        void onReserveSuccess(ReserveContext context);
    }
    
    abstract class EmptyReserveListener implements ReserveListener {
        void onInventoryInsufficient(ReserveContext context){};
        void onReserveSuccess(ReserveContext context){};
    }
    
    class UpdateOrderListener extends EmptyReserveListener {
        void onReserveSuccess(ReserveContext context){
            //此处有20行
        }
    }
    
    class NotifyPickListener extends EmptyReserveListener {
        void onReserveSuccess(ReserveContext context){
            //此处有30行
        }
    }
    
    class NotifyAutoDeliverListener extends EmptyReserveListener {
        void onReserveSuccess(ReserveContext context){
            //此处有125行
        }
    }
    
    class NotifyLackGoodsCancelListener extends EmptyReserveListener {
        void onInventoryInsufficient(ReserveContext context){
            //此处有125行
        }
    }
    
    class CompositeReserveListener implements ReserveListener {
        private List<ReserveListener> listeners = new ArrayList<>();
        
        void onInventoryInsufficient(ReserveContext context){
            for(ReserveListener each : listeners){
                each.onInventoryInsufficient(context);
            }
        }
        void onReserveSuccess(ReserveContext context){
            for(ReserveListener each : listeners){
                each.onReserveSuccess(context);
            }
        }
    }
    class ReserveService {
        private InventoryService inventoryService;
        
        
        
        //level 2
        private boolean insufficientInventory(ReserveContext context){
            //其他代码100行
            addInventoryDemand();
            notifyLackGoodsCancel();
        }
        
        //level 2
        private boolean reserveEntirely(ReserveContext context){
            //其他代码100行
            deductInventory();
            updateOrder();
            notifyPick();
            notifyAutoDeliver();
        }
    }
    
    

    Duplicated Code(重复的代码)

    方案:抽取到公共的类,模版方法

    Redis redis = initRedis();
    Integer randomValue = Random.randomInt();
    redis.set("key", randomValue, NX,PX,1000)
    try{
        //do something in lock
        //此处省略200行...
    }finally{
        redis.eval("if redis.call('get', KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then return redis.call('del', KEYS[1]) else return 0 end", "key", randomValue)
    }
    
    
    abstract class RedisLockTemplate {
        void doWithLock(){
            Redis redis = initRedis();
            Integer randomValue = Random.randomInt();
            redis.set("key", randomValue, NX,PX,1000)
            try{
                doWithInLock();
            }finally{
                redis.eval("if redis.call('get', KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then return redis.call('del', KEYS[1]) else return 0 end", "key", randomValue)
            }
        }
        
        abstract void doWithInLock();
    }
    
    class OrderServcieImpl extends RedisLockTemplate {
        void doWIthInLock(){
            //此处省略200行
        }
    }
    
    interface Callback{
        void doWithInLock();
    }
    
    class RedisLockTemplate {
        void doWithLock(RedisCallBack callBack){
            Redis redis = initRedis();
            Integer randomValue = Random.randomInt();
            redis.set("key", randomValue, NX,PX,1000)
            try{
                callBack.doWithInLock();
            }finally{
                redis.eval("if redis.call('get', KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then return redis.call('del', KEYS[1]) else return 0 end", "key", randomValue)
            }
        }
        
    class OrderServcieImpl {
        private RedisLockTemplate lock = new RedisLockTemplate();
    
        public void syncOrder(Order order){
            lock.doWithLock(() -> {
                ...
                //此处省略200行  
            });
        }
    }
    

    方案:定义接口,生命周期

    interface Servlet {
        void init();
        void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
        void destroy();
    }
    
    class container {
        void void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) {
            Servlet servlet = getServlet();
            servlet.init();
            servlet.service(req, res);
            servlet.destroy();
        }
    }
    

    Long Parameter List(过长參数列表)

    //出库
    void stockOut(String shipmentId, String trackingNumber, String boxCode, Boolean basketFlag, String fromFacilityId, String userName, String packager);
    

    方案:提取参数对象,Builder模式

    Class StockRequest {
        String shipmentId;
        String trackingNumber;
        String boxCode;
        Boolean basketFlag;
        String fromFacilityId;
        String userName;
        String packager;
        
        //getter
        //setter
    }
    
    void stockOut(StockRequest stockRequest);
    

    Switch Statements(过多的分支)

    if(partyId = 65588){
       ...
       ...
       ...
       ...
       ...
       //此处省略100行
    } else if(partyId = 65530){
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        //此处省略100行
    } else if(partyId = 65540){
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        //此处省略100行
    } else if(partyId = 65539){
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        //此处省略100行
    } else if(partyId = 65542){
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        //此处省略100行
    } 
    
    

    方案:提取接口,策略模式

        interface PartyProcessor {
            void processParty()
        }
        
        class FDProcessor implements PartyProcessor {
            void processParty(){
                ...
                //此处省略100行
            }
        }
        
        class AZProcessor implements PartyProcessor {
            void processParty(){
                ...
                //此处省略100行
            }
        }
        
        Map<Integer, PartyProcessor> processorByPartyId = ...;
        
        processorByPartyId.get(partyId).processParty();
        
    
    if(condition1){
       ...
       ...
       ...
       ...
       ...
       //此处省略100行
    } else if(condition2){
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        //此处省略100行
    } else if(condition3){
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        //此处省略100行
    } else if(condition4){
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        //此处省略100行
    } else if(condition5){
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        ...
        //此处省略100行
    } 
    
        interface Strategy {
            boolean applyable(condition);
            void process()
        }
        
        class Strategy1 implements Strategy {
            boolean applyable(condition){
                return condition == condition1;
            }
            
            void process(){
                ...
                //此处省略100行
            }
        }
        
        class Strategy2 implements Strategy {
            boolean applyable(condition){
                return condition == condition2;
            }
        
            void process(){
                ...
                //此处省略100行
            }
        }
        
        List<Strategy> strategies = ...;
        
        for(Strategy each : strategies){
            if(each.applyable(condition)){
                each.process();
            }
        }
        
    

    Feature Envy(依恋情结)

    class InventoryController {
        public void inventoryLoss(String dispatchSn, String user){
            //page controller logic 100行
            
            InventoryItem inventoryItem = getInventoryItem(dispatchSn);
            vOrderSn = generateVOrderSn();
            Product product = getProduct(dispatchSn)
            
            doInventoryLoss(inventoryItem, user, inventoryItem.getFacilityId, vOrderSn, product.getGoodName(), inventoryItem.getUnitCost)
        }
    }
    
    class InventoryService {
        void doInventoryLoss(InventoryItem inventoryItem, String user, String facilityId, String vOrderSn, String goodName, String goodPrice){
            //处理业务500行
        }
    }
    

    方案:迪米特法则,接口只传递必要参数,精简参数列表

    Divergent Change (多种变化)

    class OrderServiceImpl {
        Order createSaleOrder(...);
        Order createPurchaseOrder(...);
        Order createStockOrder(...);
        
        void saleOrderPay();
        void saleOrderConfirm();
        void purchaseOrderStockIn();
        void stockOrderStockIn();
    }
    

    方案:拆分成不同类,各自负责某个方向

    class OrderFactory {
        Order createSaleOrder(...);
        Order createPurchaseOrder(...);
        Order createStockOrder(...);    
    }
    
    class OrderService {
        void saleOrderPay();
        void saleOrderConfirm();
        void purchaseOrderStockIn();
        void stockOrderStockIn();
    }
    
    class SaleOrderService {
        Order createSaleOrder(...);
        void saleOrderPay();
        void saleOrderConfirm();
    }
    
    class InventoryOrderService {
        Order createPurchaseOrder(...);
        Order createStockOrder(...);    
        void purchaseOrderStockIn();
        void stockOrderStockIn();
    }
    

    Shotgun Surgery(霰弹式改动)

    public void businessA(){
        ...200行
        //库存-供应商退货
        ...300行
    }
    
    public void businessB(){
        ...200行
        //库存-入库
        ...300行
    }
    
    public void businessD(){
        ...200行
        //库存-出库
        ...300行
    }
    
    public void businessE(){
        ...200行
        //库存-盘亏
        ...300行
    }
    
    public void businessF(){
        ...200行
        //库存-盘盈
        ...300行
    }
    
    

    方案:单一职责, 把一类事情交给一个类来处理

    
    class InventoryService {
        public void suppleirReturn(){
            //库存-供应商退货
        }
        
        public void inStock(){
            //库存-入库
        }
        
        public void outStock(){
            //库存-出库
        }
        
        public void loss(){
            //库存-盘亏
        }
        
        public void regain(){
            //库存-盘盈
        }
        
    }
    
    public void businessA(){
        ...200行
        inventoryService.suppleirReturn();
        ...300行
    }
    
    public void businessB(){
        ...200行
        inventoryService.inStock();
        ...300行
    }
    
    public void businessD(){
        ...200行
        inventoryService.outStock();
        ...300行
    }
    
    public void businessE(){
        ...200行
        inventoryService.loss();
        ...300行
    }
    
    public void businessF(){
        ...200行
        inventoryService.regain();
        ...300行
    }
    

    参考书目

    • 《java与模式》
    • 《重构:改善既有代码的设计》
    • 《重构与模式》

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