一  词（组）

1. scraps and morsels 零零碎碎

2. under the umbrella (of sth)

This is a chapter of scraps and morsels—small admonitions on many points that I have collected under one, as they say, umbrella.

umbrella：a unifying, conditioning, stabilizing, or controlling factor, agency, category, or authoritative influence

在这里表示a unifying category，“总体”，零零星星的汇总。

3. get around doing sth

Use active verbs unless there is no comfortable way to get around using a passive verb.

get around: to escape the force of (同义词：evade）逃避

4. perpetrate

A style that consists of passive constructions will sap the readers' energy. Nobody ever quite knows what is being perpetrated by whom and on whom.

perpetrate: to produce, perform, or execute badly or in a manner held to be execrable or shocking 犯（罪）；做（错事）；干（坏事）

此处也就是“done”，带有否定含义，对使用被动的表达给予批评。

5. compound

They prefer long words of Latin origin to short Anglo-Saxon words—which compounds their trouble and makes their sentences still more glutinous.

compound： Make (something bad) worse; intensify the negative aspects of 恶化

6. fitfully

Active verbs push hard; passive verbs tug fitfully.

中文译本：主动动词推得紧，被动动词时时拖。

fitfully表示“间歇性地”，fit表示“一阵（情感或活动）”，如a fit of jealousy（一阵妒忌），went off into a quiet fit of laughter（发出一阵轻笑）。

二 梳理