hibernate框架使用

作者: 越长越圆 | 来源:发表于2017-07-04 15:15 被阅读112次

    搭建hibernate

    原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_22329521/article/details/74330968

    需要导入的hibernate的包
    其中所需要的依赖包


    这里写图片描述

    需要的配置文件

    一个是元数据orm的配置文件
    例如

    package com.fmt.hibernate;
    
    public class Customer {
        
        /*
         * CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` (
          `cust_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
          `cust_name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
          `cust_source` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
          `cust_industry` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
          `cust_level` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
          `cust_linkman` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人',
          `cust_phone` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话',
          `cust_mobile` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话',
          PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
        ) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
         */
        private Long cust_id;
        
        private String cust_name;
        private String cust_source;
        private String cust_industry;
        private String cust_level;
        private String cust_linkman;
        private String cust_phone;
        private String cust_mobile;
        public Long getCust_id() {
            return cust_id;
        }
        public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
            this.cust_id = cust_id;
        }
        public String getCust_name() {
            return cust_name;
        }
        public void setCust_name(String cust_name) {
            this.cust_name = cust_name;
        }
        public String getCust_source() {
            return cust_source;
        }
        public void setCust_source(String cust_source) {
            this.cust_source = cust_source;
        }
        public String getCust_industry() {
            return cust_industry;
        }
        public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) {
            this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
        }
        public String getCust_level() {
            return cust_level;
        }
        public void setCust_level(String cust_level) {
            this.cust_level = cust_level;
        }
        public String getCust_linkman() {
            return cust_linkman;
        }
        public void setCust_linkman(String cust_linkman) {
            this.cust_linkman = cust_linkman;
        }
        public String getCust_phone() {
            return cust_phone;
        }
        public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) {
            this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
        }
        public String getCust_mobile() {
            return cust_mobile;
        }
        public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) {
            this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Customer [cust_id=" + cust_id + ", cust_name=" + cust_name + "]";
        }
    }
    

    当前一个Customer对象 需要建立他相应的xml文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    
    <!-- 配置与表实体对象的关系-->
    <!-- package属性,填写一个包名.在元素内部凡是需要书写完整类名的书写,可以直接写-->
    <hibernate-mapping package="com.fmt.hibernate">
        <!--
          class元素:配置实体与表的对应关系
          name:完整类名
          table:表名
        -->
        <class name="Customer" table="cst_customer">
            <!-- id:配置主键映射
             name:填写主键对应属性名
             column:填写表中的主键列明
            -->
            <id name="cust_id" column="cust_id">
                <!-- 主键生成策略-->
                <generator class="native"></generator>
            </id>
            <!--property 除id之外的普通属性映射
               name:属性名
               column(可选):填写;列名默认值是属性名
               type(可选) 填写属性的类型。hibernate会自动检测试题的属性类型
                           每个类型有三种添发:java类型|hibernate类型|数据库类型
               not-null(可选):配置该属性(列)不为空,默认值为false
               length(可选):配置数据库中列的长度,默认值;当前数据库中的最大长度
            -->
            <property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" not-null="true">
                <!--<column name="cust_name" sql-type="varchar"></column>-->
            </property>
            <property name="cust_source" column="cust_source"></property>
            <property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry"></property>
            <property name="cust_level" column="cust_level"></property>
            <property name="cust_linkman" column="cust_linkman"></property>
            <property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone"></property>
            <property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile"></property>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>
    

    接下啦是hibernate的主配置文件最重要的该文件的文件名字必须是hibernate.cfg.xml,同时在src的目录

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
    
    <!--hibernate主配置文件-->
    <hibernate-configuration>
        <session-factory>
            <!--五个必选配置
    
            hibernate.connection.driver_class:驱动
            hibernate.connection.url:数据库url
            hibernate.connection.username:用户名
            hibernate.connection.password:用户名密码
            hibernate.dialect:数据库方言
                               不同数据库中的,sql语法略有不同,指定方言可以让hibernate框架在生成sql语句时,针对数据库的方言生成
                               sql99标准:DDL/DML/DCL
    
            -->
            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8</property>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.password">123456</property>
            <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
    
            <!-- hibernate 显示sql语句然后格式化sql-->
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
            <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
    
    
    
            <!--
              ##auto schema export 自动导出表结构,自动建表
              hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto  create   自动建表,每次框架运行都会建立新的表,以前的表将会被覆盖,表数据会丢失(开发测试使用)
              hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto  create-drop  自动建表,每次框架运行都会将表删除(开发环境测试还用)
              hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto  update (推荐使用)      自动生成表,如果存在不会再生成,如果表有变动,自动更新表(不会生成任何数据)
              hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto  validate    校验不主动生成表,每次启动会校验数据库中表是否正确,校验失败抛出异常(举例删除了表就会有异常)
            -->
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
    
            <!-- 引入orm元数据 填写src路径下-->
            <mapping resource="com/fmt/hibernate/Customer.cfg.xml"/>
        </session-factory>
    </hibernate-configuration>
    

    代码的增删改查

     @Test
        public void fun1(){
            //1创建,调用空参构造
            Configuration conf=new Configuration();
            //2读取配置文件,j加载src下的Hibernate.cfg.xml文件
            conf.configure();
    
            //根据配置,创建SessionFactory对象
            //SessionFaction就是用来创建Session的
            //sessionFactory 负责保存和使用所有配置信息,消耗内存资源较大
            //sessionFactory 属于线程安全的对象设计
            //所以SessionnFactory全局唯一
            SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
    
            //session对象是表达hibernate框架与数据库之间的连接可以理解为JDBC中的connection对象,但同时可以操作sql,是hibernate的核心对象
            //获取Session
            Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
            //获取线程绑定的session
    //        Session currentSession = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
    
            //获取操作事务
    //        Transaction transaction = session.getTransaction();
            //开启事务病获得操作事务(建议使用)
            Transaction transaction1 = session.beginTransaction();
    
            /*
            保存
            Customer customer=new Customer();
            customer.setCust_name("jd");
            session.save(customer);
             */
    
    
            /*
            查询
             session.get 第一个参数是类,第二个是主键id
             Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);
             System.out.println(customer);
             */
    
           /*
            修改
            Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);
            customer.setCust_name("百度");
            session.update(customer);
             */
    
    
           /*
            删除
             Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);
            customer.setCust_name("百度");
            session.delete(customer); 
            */
             
            transaction1.commit();//提交
    //        transaction1.rollback();//回滚
            session.close();//释放资源
            sessionFactory.close();//释放资源
    
        }
    
    

    实体类创建注意事项

    1. 持久化提供无参构造
    2. 成员变量私有,提供共有get/set方法访问,需提供属性
    3. 持久化类的属性,应尽量使用包装类型
    4. 持久化需要提供oid,与数据库中的主键列对应(如果一个表没有主键,无法映射到hibernate表中,主键相同hibernate认为对象相同)
    5. 不要用final修饰class(hibernate使用cglib代理生成代理对象,代理对象是继承被代理对象,如果被final修改将无法生成代理)

    主键生成策略

    在元对象xml中

     <class name="Customer" table="cst_customer">
            <!-- id:配置主键映射
             name:填写主键对应属性名
             column:填写表中的主键列明
            -->
            <id name="cust_id" column="cust_id">
                <!-- 主键生成策略:主键生成策略,就是每条记录录入时,主键的生成规则
                     identity:主键自增,又数据库来维护主键值,录入时不需要指定主键
                     increment:主键自增,由hibernate来维护,每次插入前会先查询表中id最大值加+1最为先主键(存在线程安全问题)
                     sequence:Oracle中的主键生成策略
                     hilo:高低位算法,主键自增,由hibernate来维护,开发不使用
                     native:hilo+sequence+identity ,三选一策略。如果自持主键自增就使用identity 如果支持Oracle则使用sequence...
                     uuid:产生随机字符串,主键类型必须是string类型
                     assigned:自然主键生成策略,hibernate不会管理主键值,由开发人员自己录入,如果不设置id 就会报错
                -->
                <generator class="native"></generator>
            </id>
            .....
    

    hibernate实体对象的状态

    三种状态:瞬时状态,持久化状态,游离状态

         Configuration conf=new Configuration();
            conf.configure();
            SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
    
            Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
    
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    
            Customer customer=new Customer();//没有id,没有与session关联
    
            customer.setCust_name("jd");//瞬时状态
            session.save(customer);//持久化状态,由id,有关联
    
            transaction.commit();//提交
            session.close();//游离|托管状态。有id。没关联
            sessionFactory.close();
    

    持久化状态的特点持久化对象的任何变化都会自动同步到数据库中

     Configuration conf=new Configuration();
            conf.configure();
            SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
    
            Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
    
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    
            Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);
            customer.setCust_name("tianmao");//这里没有设置update的操作,仍然修改了数据库
    
            transaction.commit();//提交
            session.close();
            sessionFactory.close();
    
    这里写图片描述

    hibernate一级缓存

    Test
        public void fun1() {
            Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure();
            SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
    
            Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
    
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    
             //这里这回进行一次的查询 session缓存了 id位2l的custion到内存中,第二次查询不会走数据库查询
            Customer customer1 = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);
            Customer customer2 = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);
            Customer customer3 = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);
    
            System.out.println(customer1==customer2);
            transaction.commit();
            session.close();
            sessionFactory.close();
        }
    
      @Test
        public void fun2() {
            Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure();
            SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
    
            Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
    
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    
            Customer customer1 = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);//tianmao
    
           
            customer1.setCust_name("jd");
            customer1.setCust_name("tianmao");
            //这里不会进行update操作,值进行了查询的sql
            //seesion保存了查询出来后的快照,对比当时的快照是否发生变化同步到数据库
            transaction.commit();
            session.close();
            sessionFactory.close();
        }
    

    Hibernate的隔离级别设置

    在主配置文件中
    加入
    
    <!--指定hibernate操作数据库的隔离级别
               1|2|4|8
               1 读未提交(脏读,不可重复读,幻|虚读)
               2 读已提交(不可重复读,幻|虚读)
               4 课重复读(幻|虚读)
               8 串行化(没有问题 但是效率太低)
            -->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.isolation">4</property>
    

    调用获取当前线程中的session对象调用sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); 注意点需要在配置文件中声明,同时通过getCurrentSession方法获得到的session当事务提交时,session会自动关闭,不要手动close关闭

            <!-- 指定session与当前线程绑定-->
            <property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
    

    Hql查询

    hql查询:HQL是Hibernate Query Language的简写,HQL采用面向对象的查询方式

      Session session= HibernateUtils.openSession();
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    
            //书写HQL语句
    //        String hql="from com.fmt.hibernate.Customer";
    //        String hql="from Customer ";//查询所有Custom对象
             /**
             //查询id位2的  
            String hql="from Customer where cust_id =2";
            Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
            */
           /**
             条件查询 
             String hql="from Customer where cust_id =?";
            Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
            //query.setLong(0,2l);
            query.setParameter(0,2l);//这个不用的参数做具体设置较为方便
            */
             /**
            命名查询 
            String hql="from Customer where cust_id =:cust_id";//冒号后面的字符串是setParamerter中的第一个参数
            Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
            query.setParameter("cust_id",2l);
            */
    
    
              /**
            分页查询 
            String hql="from Customer ";
            Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
            query.setFirstResult(1);//第几页
            query.setMaxResults(3);//每次返回最大多少
            */
            List<Customer> list = query.list();//返回list
            System.out.print(list);
    //        Object o = query.uniqueResult();//接受唯一的查询
            //根据HQL语句创建查询对象
            //根据查询对象获取查询结果
    
    
            /**
    
    
     //内链接
    //        String hql="from Customer c inner join c.linkMens";
    //        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
    //        List<Object[]> list = query.list();
    //        for (Object[] arr:list){
    //            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
    //        }
    
     //迫切内链接(与上述多了个fetch,同时query.list返回返现不在是Object[]),同理左外右外
    //        String hql="from Customer c inner join fetch c.linkMens";
    //        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
    //        List<Customer> list = query.list();
    //        for (Customer arr:list){
    //            System.out.println(arr);
    //        }
            */
            transaction.commit();
            session.close();
    

    Criteria查询

    Criteria是一种比hql更面向对象的查询方式。Criteria 可使用 Criterion 和 Projection 设置查询条件

      Session session= HibernateUtils.openSession();
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    
            /**
               基本查询
            Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
            List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
             */
          
    
          /**
         * 条件查询
         * HQL中,不可能出现任何数据库相关的信息
         * >                gt
         * >=               ge
         * <                lt
         * <=               le
         * ==               eq
         * !=               ne
         * in               in
         * between and      between
         * like             like
         * is not null      isNotNull
         * is null          isNull
         * or               or
         * and              and
    
    
           //查询所有Customer
            Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
            criteria.add(Restrictions.ne("cust_id",2l));//这里的ne就是Resctirction提供的方法
            List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
         */
           
    
             /**
             分页
             Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
            criteria.setFirstResult(0);
            criteria.setMaxResults(2);
            List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
             */
            
    
    
            /**
             聚合函数
               Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
            criteria.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());//Projections
            Long number = (Long) criteria.uniqueResult();
             */
    
            System.out.println(list);
    
    
            /**
    
    
            
            transaction.commit();
            session.close();
    
    
        //离线查询
        @Test
        public void fun5(){
             //上层构建查询条件
            DetachedCriteria dc=DetachedCriteria.forClass(Customer.class);
            dc.add(Restrictions.idEq(61));
            //dao层代码基本不动
            Session session= HibernateUtils.openSession();
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
       
            Criteria executableCriteria = dc.getExecutableCriteria(session);
            List list = executableCriteria.list();
            System.out.print(list);
            transaction.commit();
            session.close();
        }
    
    

    原生sql查询

        Session session= HibernateUtils.openSession();
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    
            String sql="select * from cst_customer";
            SQLQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
            //因为查询查来的是有几行几行里面有几列
            List<Object[]> list = sqlQuery.list();
            for (Object[] objs:list){
                for (Object o:objs){
                    System.out.println(o);
                }
            }
            transaction.commit();
            session.close();
    
           Session session= HibernateUtils.openSession();
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
       
           /**
            条件查询
            String sql="select * from cst_customer where cust_id =?";
            SQLQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
            sqlQuery.setParameter(0,2l);
           */
            /**
            分页查询
            String sql="select * from cst_customer limit ?,?";
            SQLQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
            sqlQuery.setParameter(0,0);
            sqlQuery.setParameter(1,1);
           */
            //这里是给添加实体,查询后就会出该实体
            sqlQuery.addEntity(Customer.class);
            List list = sqlQuery.list();
            System.out.print(list);
    

    懒加载

       Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
            /**
                    //立即获得
            Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 18l);
            */
            /**
            //返回一个代理对象 只有对对象使用了才会进行查询
            Customer customer = session.load(Customer.class, 18l);
            System.out.println(customer);//这里才会进行查询如果不操作对象,最后也不会进行数据查询
            */
            //返回一个代理对象 如果当期对象呗使用了才会进行查询
            Customer customer = session.load(Customer.class, 18l);
            transaction.commit();
            session.close();
    

    如果要关闭懒加载,建议是开启懒加载

    在对象的xml表中配置
    //lazy 是关闭懒加载这样load也是当即查询,默认是true
       <class name="Customer" table="cst_customer" lazy="false">
    

    懒加载注意事项,在懒加载的使用要调用懒加载出来的对象,确保seesion并未关闭!!

    一对多,多对一

    public class
    Customer {
        
        /*
         * CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` (
          `cust_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
          `cust_name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
          `cust_source` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
          `cust_industry` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
          `cust_level` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
          `cust_linkman` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人',
          `cust_phone` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话',
          `cust_mobile` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话',
          PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
        ) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
         */
        private Long cust_id;
        
        private String cust_name;
        private String cust_source;
        private String cust_industry;
        private String cust_level;
        private String cust_linkman;
        private String cust_phone;
        private String cust_mobile;
        private Set<LinkMan> linkMens=new HashSet<>();
        public Long getCust_id() {
            return cust_id;
        }
        public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
            this.cust_id = cust_id;
        }
        public String getCust_name() {
            return cust_name;
        }
        public void setCust_name(String cust_name) {
            this.cust_name = cust_name;
        }
        public String getCust_source() {
            return cust_source;
        }
        public void setCust_source(String cust_source) {
            this.cust_source = cust_source;
        }
        public String getCust_industry() {
            return cust_industry;
        }
        public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) {
            this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
        }
        public String getCust_level() {
            return cust_level;
        }
        public void setCust_level(String cust_level) {
            this.cust_level = cust_level;
        }
        public String getCust_linkman() {
            return cust_linkman;
        }
        public void setCust_linkman(String cust_linkman) {
            this.cust_linkman = cust_linkman;
        }
        public String getCust_phone() {
            return cust_phone;
        }
        public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) {
            this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
        }
        public String getCust_mobile() {
            return cust_mobile;
        }
        public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) {
            this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
        }
    
        public Set<LinkMan> getLinkMens() {
            return linkMens;
        }
    
        public void setLinkMens(Set<LinkMan> linkMens) {
            this.linkMens = linkMens;
        }
    
        @Override
    
        public String toString() {
            return "Customer [cust_id=" + cust_id + ", cust_name=" + cust_name + "]";
        }
        
        
        
    
    }
    
    
    //联系人实体
    public class LinkMan {
        /*
         * CREATE TABLE `cst_linkman` (
          `lkm_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '联系人编号(主键)',
          `lkm_name` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
          `lkm_cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户id',
          `lkm_gender` char(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人性别',
          `lkm_phone` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人办公电话',
          `lkm_mobile` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人手机',
          `lkm_email` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人邮箱',
          `lkm_qq` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人qq',
          `lkm_position` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人职位',
          `lkm_memo` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人备注',
          PRIMARY KEY (`lkm_id`),
          KEY `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` (`lkm_cust_id`),
          CONSTRAINT `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` FOREIGN KEY (`lkm_cust_id`) REFERENCES `cst_customer` (`cust_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
        ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
         */
        private Long lkm_id;
        private Character lkm_gender;
        private String lkm_name;
        private String lkm_phone;
        private String lkm_email;
        private String lkm_qq;
        private String lkm_mobile;
        private String lkm_memo;
        private String lkm_position;
    
        //表达多对一关系
        private Customer customer ;
    
        //----------------------------------------------
        //不与数据库中的列对应,只为了接收表单参数
        private Long cust_id;
    
    
    
        public Long getCust_id() {
            return cust_id;
        }
        public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
            this.cust_id = cust_id;
        }
        public Customer getCustomer() {
            return customer;
        }
        public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
            this.customer = customer;
        }
        public Long getLkm_id() {
            return lkm_id;
        }
        public void setLkm_id(Long lkm_id) {
            this.lkm_id = lkm_id;
        }
        public Character getLkm_gender() {
            return lkm_gender;
        }
        public void setLkm_gender(Character lkm_gender) {
            this.lkm_gender = lkm_gender;
        }
        public String getLkm_name() {
            return lkm_name;
        }
        public void setLkm_name(String lkm_name) {
            this.lkm_name = lkm_name;
        }
        public String getLkm_phone() {
            return lkm_phone;
        }
        public void setLkm_phone(String lkm_phone) {
            this.lkm_phone = lkm_phone;
        }
        public String getLkm_email() {
            return lkm_email;
        }
        public void setLkm_email(String lkm_email) {
            this.lkm_email = lkm_email;
        }
        public String getLkm_qq() {
            return lkm_qq;
        }
        public void setLkm_qq(String lkm_qq) {
            this.lkm_qq = lkm_qq;
        }
        public String getLkm_mobile() {
            return lkm_mobile;
        }
        public void setLkm_mobile(String lkm_mobile) {
            this.lkm_mobile = lkm_mobile;
        }
        public String getLkm_memo() {
            return lkm_memo;
        }
        public void setLkm_memo(String lkm_memo) {
            this.lkm_memo = lkm_memo;
        }
        public String getLkm_position() {
            return lkm_position;
        }
        public void setLkm_position(String lkm_position) {
            this.lkm_position = lkm_position;
        }
    }
    
    在原先的hibernate.cfg.xml 
    在添加
     <mapping resource="com/fmt/hibernate/LinkMan.cfg.xml"/>
    
    修改原先的Customer.cfg.xml
    
    添加一对多的的配置
    
           <!--集合,一对多关系,在配置文件中配置-->
            <!--
              name是添集合属性名
              key元素 中column 填写外键列名
              class属性 与我关联的对象完整类名
            -->
            <!--
              级联操作:cascade
                 save-update:级联保存更新
                 delete:级联删除
                 all上述都有
            -->
            <set name="linkMens" cascade="save-update">
                <!--指定外键列明-->
                <key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>
                <one-to-many class="LinkMan"/>
            </set>
    

    同时配置LinkMan.cfg.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    
    <hibernate-mapping package="com.fmt.hibernate">
        <class name="LinkMan" table="cst_linkman" >
            <id name="lkm_id"  >
                <generator class="native"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="lkm_gender"  ></property>
            <property name="lkm_name"  ></property>
            <property name="lkm_phone"  ></property>
            <property name="lkm_email"  ></property>
            <property name="lkm_qq"  ></property>
            <property name="lkm_mobile"  ></property>
            <property name="lkm_memo"  ></property>
            <property name="lkm_position"  ></property>
    
            <!-- 多对1关系-->
             <many-to-one name="customer" column="lkm_cust_id" class="Customer" cascade="save-update" >
            </many-to-one>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>
    
    
       @Test
        public void fun1(){
            Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    
    
            Customer customer = new Customer();
            customer.setCust_name("阿里");
            LinkMan linkMan=new LinkMan();
            linkMan.setLkm_name("马云1");
            LinkMan linkMan1=new LinkMan();
            linkMan1.setLkm_name("马云2");
    
            customer.getLinkMens().add(linkMan);
            customer.getLinkMens().add(linkMan1);
            /**
            
              session.save(customer);
              //这里没有添加保存linman对象是因为使用级联操作,在之前Customer的配置中,级联操作会顺带保存
    //        session.save(linkMan);
    //        session.save(linkMan1);
            */
    
            /**
            Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 18l);
            LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
            linkMan.setLkm_name("马云3");
            customer.getLinkMens().add(linkMan);
            */
    
            /**
            Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 18l);
            LinkMan linkMan = session.get(LinkMan.class, 9l);
            customer.getLinkMens().remove(linkMan);
            //如果不调用delete 在数据库id为9的linman还存在,但是指向Customer外键为null
            //session.delete(linkMan);
            如果需要删除customer 同时删除linkman 在linkman的配置文件中也添加级联操作
            */
    
            transaction.commit();
            session.close();
        }
    
    
    

    Inverse 属性

    http://blog.csdn.net/lzgs_4/article/details/45844045(这篇讲的比较通俗易懂)

    多对多操作

    //角色对象
    public class Role {
        /*
         * 
          CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (
      `role_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `role_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '角色名称',
      `role_memo` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注',
      PRIMARY KEY (`role_id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
         */
        
        private Long role_id;
        private String role_name;
        private String role_memo;
        //表达多对多
        private Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>();
        public Long getRole_id() {
            return role_id;
        }
        public void setRole_id(Long role_id) {
            this.role_id = role_id;
        }
        public String getRole_name() {
            return role_name;
        }
        public void setRole_name(String role_name) {
            this.role_name = role_name;
        }
        public String getRole_memo() {
            return role_memo;
        }
        public void setRole_memo(String role_memo) {
            this.role_memo = role_memo;
        }
        public Set<User> getUsers() {
            return users;
        }
        public void setUsers(Set<User> users) {
            this.users = users;
        }
        
    }
    
    public class User {
        /*
         * CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (
          `user_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户id',
          `user_code` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户账号',
          `user_name` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
          `user_password` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户密码',
          `user_state` char(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '1:正常,0:暂停',
          PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)
        ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
         */
        private Long user_id;
        private String user_code;
        private String user_name;
        private String user_password;
        private Character user_state;
        //表达多对多
        private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<Role>();
        public Long getUser_id() {
            return user_id;
        }
        public void setUser_id(Long user_id) {
            this.user_id = user_id;
        }
        public String getUser_code() {
            return user_code;
        }
        public void setUser_code(String user_code) {
            this.user_code = user_code;
        }
        public String getUser_name() {
            return user_name;
        }
        public void setUser_name(String user_name) {
            this.user_name = user_name;
        }
        public String getUser_password() {
            return user_password;
        }
        public void setUser_password(String user_password) {
            this.user_password = user_password;
        }
        public Character getUser_state() {
            return user_state;
        }
        public void setUser_state(Character user_state) {
            this.user_state = user_state;
        }
        public Set<Role> getRoles() {
            return roles;
        }
        public void setRoles(Set<Role> roles) {
            this.roles = roles;
        }
        
        
        
    }
    

    User和Role的配置文件里 set内容是几乎是镜像的

    
    在User的配置文件中配置
    
        <!--  多对多关系表达
                 name:集合属性名
                 table:配置中间表名
                 key
                  -column:外键,别人引用“我的”外键
                  class:我与那个类是多对多关系
                  column:外键,我引用别人的外键列明
            -->
    <set name="roles" table="sys_user_role" cascade="save-update">
                <key column="user_id"></key>
                <many-to-many class="Role" column="role_id"></many-to-many>
            </set>
    
    在Role的配置文件中配置
        <!-- 使用inverse属性
            true:放弃维护外键关系
            结论:将来在开发中,如果遇到多对多关系,一定要选择一方放弃关系
            一般谁来放弃看业务方向,例如录入员工时,需要为员工指定所属角色,
            那么业务方向就是由员工维护,角色不需要维护员工-->
        <set name="users" table="sys_user_role" inverse="true">
                <key column="role_id"></key>
                <many-to-many class="User" column="user_id"></many-to-many>
            </set>
    
       Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
            Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    
            /**
            如果不设置inverse属性会报错查看上面配置
            User u1=new User();
            u1.setUser_name("小明");
            User u2=new User();
            u2.setUser_name("小红");
    
            Role r1=new Role();
            r1.setRole_name("保洁");
    
            Role r2=new Role();
            r2.setRole_name("教师");
    
    
            //用户表达关系
            u1.getRoles().add(r1);
            u1.getRoles().add(r2);
    
            u2.getRoles().add(r1);
            u2.getRoles().add(r2);
    
    
            //角色表达关系(如果配置了invser下面r1,r2的操作可以不用操作)
            r1.getUsers().add(u1);
            r1.getUsers().add(u2);
    
            r2.getUsers().add(u1);
            r2.getUsers().add(u2);
    
            session.save(u1);
            session.save(u2);
            session.save(r1);
            session.save(r2);
    
            */
    
            /**
            //新增角色
              User user = session.get(User.class, 13l);
            Role role = new Role();
            role.setRole_name("运动员");
            user.getRoles().add(role);
            //用不用可以根据是否已经设置了联级属性
            //  session.save(role);
            */
             /**
            //删除角色
            
            User user = session.get(User.class, 13l);
    
            Role role1 = session.get(Role.class, 11l);
            Role role2 = session.get(Role.class, 12l);
            user.getRoles().remove(role1);
            user.getRoles().remove(role2);
            */
            transaction.commit();
            session.close();
    

    在一对多的关联中,在一的一方设置inverse=”true”让多的一方来维护关联关系更有助于优化,因为可以减少执行update语句

    关联查询中的懒加载

    http://blog.csdn.net/csdn_gia/article/details/54694910(案例充足)

    批量抓取

     <!--
            batch-size:每次抓取数据4条
            -->
            <set name="linkMens" batch-size="4">
                <!--指定外键列明-->
                <key column="lkm_cust_id"></key>
                <one-to-many class="LinkMan"/>
            </set>
    
    
     List<Customer> list = query.list();
            for (Customer c:list)
            {    //如果不设置批量抓取,每次都会查询,根据需求设置batch-size
                System.out.println(c.getLinkMens());
            }
    

    参考文章:http://blog.csdn.net/fg2006/article/details/6436517
    http://blog.csdn.net/lzgs_4/article/details/45844045
    http://blog.csdn.net/csdn_gia/article/details/54694910

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