事件驱动设计模式,也可能通过Spring来实现。
围绕事件的三个角色:
- 事件(Event)
- 事件发布者(Publisher)
- 事件监听者(Listener)
文章内容:
1. Demo-01: Spring 4.2版本前
- 在Spring4.2之前,Event 需要继承ApplicationEvent类。
- Publisher 需要注入类:ApplicationEventPublisher.
- Listener 需要实现接口ApplicationListener。
默认情况下,事件的发布和执行都是同步的,这样做的好处是监听的方法也可以参与到发布事件类的transaction中。
1.1 先是Event类:
@Getter
public class UserCreateEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
private String userId;
public UserCreateEvent(Object source, String userId) {
super(source);
this.userId = userId;
}
}
1.2 Publisher类:
有两种方式可以实现:
- 如示例中的代码,注入ApplicationEventPublisher对象。
- 可以实现接口ApplicationEventPublisher。
@Slf4j
@Service
public class UserCreateService {
@Autowired
public ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher;
public boolean addUser(String userId) {
log.info("Start to add user.");
applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(new UserCreateEvent(this, userId));
log.info("Add user done.");
return true;
}
}
1.3 Listener类:
@Slf4j
@Component
public class UserCreateListener implements ApplicationListener<UserCreateEvent> {
public void onApplicationEvent(UserCreateEvent userCreateEvent) {
String userId = userCreateEvent.getUserId();
log.info("Start to notify user.");
// mock service, cost 3 second to send email:
ThreadUtils.sleep(3000L);
log.info("Finished notifying user for userId = " + userId);
}
}
1.4 Test类:
@SpringBootTest
public class UserCreateServiceTest {
@Autowired
private UserCreateService userCreateService;
@Test
public void addUserTest() {
userCreateService.addUser("testUser1");
}
}
打印结果:可以看到Listener的代码是同步的,Add user done等到Listener代码执行后才打印:
2022-04-17 15:24:56.857 INFO 21545 --- [ main] UserCreateService : Start to add user.
2022-04-17 15:24:56.858 INFO 21545 --- [ main] UserCreateListener : Start to notify user.
2022-04-17 15:24:59.863 INFO 21545 --- [ main] UserCreateListener : Finished notifying user for userId = testUser1
2022-04-17 15:24:59.864 INFO 21545 --- [ main] UserCreateService : Add user done.
2. Demo-02:在Spring 4.2版本前,想要异步事件,需要额外定义BeanApplicationEventMulticaster:
@Configuration
public class AsynchronousSpringEventsConfig {
@Bean(name = "applicationEventMulticaster")
public ApplicationEventMulticaster simpleApplicationEventMulticaster() {
SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster eventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster();
eventMulticaster.setTaskExecutor(new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor());
return eventMulticaster;
}
}
Test类:
@SpringBootTest
public class UserCreateServiceTest {
@Autowired
private UserCreateService userCreateService;
@Test
public void addUserTest() {
userCreateService.addUser("testUser1");
ThreadUtils.sleep(5000L); //等5秒,为了等Listener执行完毕
}
}
打印结果:可以看到Listener的代码是异步的,Add user done没有等到Listener代码执行后才打印,并且线程池名称也能看出Listener用的不是Main主线程:
2022-04-17 15:30:03.329 INFO 21549 --- [ main] UserCreateService : Start to add user.
2022-04-17 15:30:03.331 INFO 21549 --- [TaskExecutor-18] UserCreateListener : Start to notify user.
2022-04-17 15:30:03.331 INFO 21549 --- [ main] UserCreateService : Add user done.
2022-04-17 15:30:06.336 INFO 21549 --- [TaskExecutor-18] UserCreateListener : Finished notifying user for userId = testUser1
3. demo-03: Spring 4.2版本后,基于Annotation注解的事件驱动模型:
3.1 @EventListener
Listener不需要再实现接口ApplicationListener,而是可以直接在方法上加注解@EventListener:
@Slf4j
@Component
public class UserCreateListenerWithAnnotation {
@EventListener
public void onApplicationEvent(UserCreateEvent userCreateEvent) {
// 实现同UserCreateListener
}
}
3.2 @Async
异步事件可以使用@Async注解:
@Slf4j
@Component
public class UserCreateListenerWithAnnotation {
@Async
@EventListener
public void onApplicationEvent(UserCreateEvent userCreateEvent) {
// 实现同UserCreateListener
}
使用@Async需要开启:@EnableAsync
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class SpringProjectApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringProjectApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.3 Event类支持泛型,且不需要继承ApplicationEvent:
注:在做测试的时候,别忘记给新的GenericUserCreateEvent类加上Publisher。
@Getter
public class GenericUserCreateEvent<T> {
private T userId;
private boolean success;
public GenericUserCreateEvent(T userId, boolean success) {
this.userId = userId;
this.success = success;
}
}
3.4 Listener支持condition,使用SpEL表达式来定义触发的条件:
以下示例是condition结合支持泛型的Event类:
@Slf4j
@Component
public class UserCreateListenerWithAnnotation {
@EventListener(condition = "#event.success")
public void onApplicationEvent(GenericUserCreateEvent event) {
String userId = (String)event.getUserId();
log.info("Finished notifying user for userId = " + userId);
}
}
举例:
- condition = "#event.success": 匹配event.getSuccess() == true时,才会触发。
- condition = "#event.type eq 'email'": 匹配event.getType()等于email时,才会触发。
- condition = "#event.type ne 'email'": 匹配event.getType()不等于email时,才会触发。
3.5 还可以监听多个事件:
@EventListener(classes = { ContextStartedEvent.class, ContextStoppedEvent.class })
4. 扩展
4.1 Spring自带的Event:
除了自定义Event类,Spring框架也定义了一系列的Event,我们可以自定义Listener来监听这些事件,例如:
- ContextRefreshedEvent:执行了ConfigurableApplicationContext#refresh()方法
- ContextStartedEvent:执行了ConfigurableApplicationContext#start()方法
- ContextStoppedEvent:执行了ConfigurableApplicationContext#stop()方法
- ContextClosedEvent:执行了ConfigurableApplicationContext#close()方法
4.2 @TransactionalEventListener
Spring 4.2版本后,新定义了一个注解叫@TransactionalEventListener,是@EventListener的扩展,从名字也可以看出,这个注解跟事务有关。
我们可以定义不同的phase(阶段):
- AFTER_COMMIT (默认):在事务成功提交后执行。
- AFTER_ROLLBACK:事件被rollback后执行。
- AFTER_COMPLETION – 事务完成后提交 (包含上述#1 #2两个阶段)。
- BEFORE_COMMIT:在事件提交前执行。
示例:
@Slf4j
@Service
public class UserCreateListenerTransaction {
@TransactionalEventListener(phase = TransactionPhase.BEFORE_COMMIT)
public void onApplicationEvent(GenericUserCreateEvent event) {
// 实现同UserCreateListenerWithAnnotation
}
}
上述的Listener代码何时被触发?当publisher代码有事务被且将要被提交时才会触发。
Publisher示例,可以看到addUserOnlySuccessNotify方法需要加上@Transactional才可以触发上述的UserCreateListenerTransaction#onApplicationEvent()方法:
@Slf4j
@Service
public class UserCreateService {
@Autowired
public ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher;
@Transactional
public boolean addUser(String userId) {
log.info("Start to add user.");
applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(new GenericUserCreateEvent(userId, true));
log.info("Add user done.");
return true;
}
}
执行Test类后,打印如下,注意打印顺序,addUser先执行后再执行Listener:
2022-04-17 17:41:31.334 INFO 21729 --- [ main] UserCreateService : Start to add user.
2022-04-17 17:41:31.335 INFO 21729 --- [ main] UserCreateService : Add user done.
2022-04-17 17:41:31.336 INFO 21729 --- [ main] UserCreateListenerTransaction : Start to notify user.
2022-04-17 17:41:34.341 INFO 21729 --- [ main] UserCreateListenerTransaction : Finished notifying user for userId = testUser2
也就是说,如果Publisher方法没有事务,Listener中的方法将不会被触发。除非加上fallbackExecution = true
即:
@TransactionalEventListener(phase = TransactionPhase.BEFORE_COMMIT, fallbackExecution = true)
改成上述的注解后,即便Publisher方法没有事务,Listener也会执行。
【参考】
Spring Event: https://www.baeldung.com/spring-events
Spring Application Context Event: https://www.baeldung.com/spring-context-events
How to do @Async in Spring: https://www.baeldung.com/spring-async#enable-async-support
Spring expression langurage: https://www.baeldung.com/spring-expression-language
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