2018年12月四六级考试即将拉开帷幕，不知道大家准备得怎么样了。
在众多考题里面，让大家最难受的应该就是翻译了，大家都是说汉语顶呱呱，换成英语就呱呱呱，不知所云。
学术君整理部分翻译，很有可能你会在考场上看的啊，所以请好好收藏。
1、少数民族文化与工艺
中国是历史悠久的多民族国家。光辉灿烂的中华文化，是各民族相互融合，共同创造的。由于生态环境、生产生活方式以及民俗风情的差异，各少数民族在长期的历史发展过程中，形成了风格迥异、丰富多彩的文化特质。少数民族工艺美术品是民族悠久历史与灿烂文化的重要载体，是各民族能工巧匠利用各种材料和技术创造的实用艺术品，充分体现出不同文化的独特魅力。这些种类繁多、色彩绚丽、技巧纷呈的卓越创造，构成了中华民族文化艺术中奇异、动人的图画。
China is a time-honored country consisting of many ethnic groups. Various ethnical civilizations have assimilated and intermingled with each other and brought forth the splendid Chinese culture together. Due to different ecological environments, modes of production and life and folk customs, minority groups have created their fantastic culture with different genres during their long-term development. Arts and crafts of ethnic minorities created by the craft masters embody their long history and brilliant culture. These works were made from a multitude of materials by using a variety of techniques and served pragmatic use, fully embodying the unique charm of their culture. The great varieties of colorful works produced with brilliant skills by ethnic minorities contribute an exotic and appealing flavor to the whole of Chinese art.
2、手势
中国人不经常用手势，并且认为很多手部动作都不太礼貌。例如:指向别人或使用你的手指来召唤某人。你可以吸引某人的注意并告诉他们“过来一下”，而不是掌心向下并且朝你自己的方向勾一下手指。竖起大拇指和拉耳垂都是赞许的标志，而竖起小拇指的意思是你什么都不是，素质低，或者在某一方面表现得不好。此外，中国人认为使眼色和吹口哨都很无礼,眼神交流也不太直截了当。
Chinese people don't gesture very much and regard a lot of hand movements as impolite, such as pointing to others or using your fingers to beckon someone. You can get someone's attention and then tell him or her to “come here” rather than place your palm down and move your fingers toward you. Both a thumb up and a tug of the earlobe are signs of praise while raising the pinky means you are nothing, of poor quality or not very good at something. In addition, winking and whistling are considered rude. Eye contact tends to be indirect.
3、中华文明概述
中国是世界四大文明古国之一，幅员辽阔，物产丰富，历史文化悠久。五千年的人文创造(humanistic creativity)和天开万物造就的自然景观为我们留下了数量繁多的名胜古迹，创造了辉煌的文化和艺术。中国位于亚洲东部、太平洋西岸，面积960万平方公里。中国人口约13亿，共有56个民族，是世界上人口最多的国家。位于中国的青藏高原(The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau)是海拔最高的高原，喜马拉雅山系(Himalayas)是世界上最大的山系，其主峰珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。
China is one of the world's four countries of great ancient civilization, which is magnificent and spectacular with vast territory, rich natural resources as well as long history and culture. Humanistic creativity of five thousand years and the natural landscape created by fantasy things have left us numerous scenic spots and historical sites, and created brilliant culture and art. China is located in the eastern part of Asia, the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers. China has the largest population of about 1.3 billion in the world, comprising 56 nationalities. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, located in China, has the highest altitude among all the plateaus. The Himalayas is the world's largest one, and its highest peak, Mount Everest, is the world's highest mountain.
4、能源的开发利用
能源是人类赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。人类文明每跨出重要的一步都伴随着能源的革新和更替(substitution)。能源的开发利用(utilization)极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。目前，中国是世界上第二大能源生产国和消费国。能源供应的持续增长，为中国经济增长和社会发展提供了重要的支撑。作为世界能源市场不可替代的组成部分，中国在维护全球能源安全上，正在发挥着越来越重要的作用。
Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Every significant step in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energy innovation and substitution. The exploitation and utilization of energy has enormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society. China is now the world's second-largest energy producer and consumer. The sustained growth of energy supply has provided an important support for the country's economic growth and social progress. Being an irreplaceable part of the world energy market, China plays an increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security.
5、网购
网购(online shopping)是电子商务的一种形式。顾客轻点鼠标，足不出户就可以通过网络购买商品或服务。物美价廉的商品令越来越多的人迷上了网购。网购随时随地都可进行，极为便利，非常迎合年轻一代的口味。据预测，中国网购人数将以更快的速度持续增长。但网购的迅猛增长也给快递业(the express service)提出了很多挑战。为了按时送达大量的网购商品，很多快递员(courier)不得不夜以继日地工作。
Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to purchase goods or services over the Internet by clicking a mouse without stepping out of their home. With high quality and lower price, online goods attract an increasing number of customers. Meanwhile, online shopping can be conducted anywhere at any time, so it's very convenient and quite fits the young generation's taste. It is predicted that in the future the number of online shoppers will keep growing in China at a faster rate. But the rapid growth of online shopping presents a lot of challenges for the express service. To deliver the massive number of items ordered online to the customers on time, many couriers have to work day and night.
6、改革开放（1）
自20世纪70年代末推行改革开放以来，中国经济持续增长，综合国力不断增强，中国人民的生活不断改善。2004年，世界经济实现了近30年以来的最快增长，亚太地区经济增长也创造了2000年以来的最高水平，中国经济增长了9.4%。事实已经证明，中国经济的发展，不仅造福了中国人民，也为世界各国提供了更多的投资机会和更广阔的市场。
Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up in late 1970s, China has enjoyed sustained development in economy, leading to greater national strength and a better life of Chinese people. In 2004, global economy got the rapidest development in the late three decades. Besides, the economic development of Asia-Pacific area has also created the highest standard since 2000, of which Chinese economy increased by 9.4%. It’s proved that the development of Chinese economy not only brings benefits to Chinese people, but also provides morechances for investment and wider market for other countries.
改革开放（2）
自1978年开始实行改革开放 (reform and opening-up)政策以来，中国经济建设取得了飞跃性的发展。从1997年开始，中国经济平均每年增长7.7%，使中国成为世界上经济发展速度最快的国家。2001年中国加入了世界贸易组织，加快了中国对外开放的进程。中国分别在2008年和2010年成功举办了奥运会和世博会(the World Expo)，赢得了世界对中国经济的关注和喝彩。中国将继续走改革开放之路，保持经济持续 (sustained)健康发展。
Since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening-up in 1978, China’s economy has witnessed dramatic growth. It has been growing at a rate of 7.7% per year on average since 1997, which makes China the country with the fastest economic growth. The entry into WTO in 2001 has enhanced China’s process of opening-up. Successfully holding the Olympic Games in 2008 and the World Expo in 2010 wins China’s economy attention and cheers from the world. China will stay on the path of reform and opening-up, and maintain a sustained and healthy economic growth.
7、筷子
筷子由两根长短相同的木棍组成，是中国的传统餐具(eating utensil)。筷子出现在三千多年前，它的出现不仅是中国烹饪文化的变革，也是人类文明的标志。此外，筷子在烹饪技巧的发展过程中也起着推动作用。如今，筷子不仅是一种餐具，还成为一种独特的文化形式，对于我们来说，筷子可以作为艺术品来欣赏、研究和收藏。筷子虽小，但仍被世界上许多人所推崇。一项有趣的实验表明，当你在使用筷子的时候，许多关节和肌肉都会得到锻炼。
Chopsticks, the traditional eating utensils in China, are a pair of equal length sticks. Chopsticks appeared more than three thousand years ago. The appearance of chopsticks is not only a revolution of Chinese cuisine culture, but also a symbol of human civilization. Besides, chopsticks have promoted the development of cooking techniques. Today, chopsticks are not only a kind of tableware, but also have become a unique culture form, coming in front of us as a work of art for appreciation, research and collection. Chopsticks are small, but they are adored by many people in the world. An interesting experiment shows that many joints and muscles can be exercised when you use chopsticks.
8、秧歌
秧歌(the Yangko dance)是几百年前农民在稻田里劳作时创作的一种传统的中国民间舞蹈。扭秧歌时，舞者跟随音乐节奏(rhythm)扭动身体，步伐夸张，将古老的故事以一种新的形式呈现给观众。热闹的场面、丰富的舞蹈语言、兴高采烈的手势和生动的表演形式使得秧歌深受中国人民的喜爱。每逢重大节日，人们都会自发地举办秧歌表演。在场的所有人都聚精会神地观看演出，欣赏和感受着舞者的感情，全然忘记了自己生活中的烦恼。
The Yangko dance is a traditional Chinese folk dance created by farmers when they worked in the rice field hundreds of years ago. During the dance, the dancers sway their bodies to music rhythms and walk at an exaggerated pace to present old stories to the audience in a new style. Thanks to its jolly scene, abundant dance language, exuberant gestures, and vivid performing style, it is always favored by the Chinese. People will organize Yangko dance performances spontaneously whenever there is a grand festival. All the people present are concentrating on the performance, appreciating and sharing the feelings of the dancers, and forgetting the troubles in their own life.
9、春节
春节是中国最重要的传统节日。每逢春节，中国人都会回家与家人团聚。近年来，由于越来越多的中国人离开家乡到外地学习或工作，春节前后就会出现春运高峰(Spring Festival travel rush)。每年此时，大量乘客涌入火车站、汽车站和机场，公共交通承受着巨大的压力。为时40天的春运堪称世界上最大规模的年度迁徙(migration)。为了确保每位乘客旅途顺利，运输部门(transportation authorities)就得提供更为优质的服务。
Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China during which the Chinese return home to reunite with their family members. In recent years, as more and more people left their hometowns to study or seek work elsewhere, Spring Festival travel rush has appeared around Spring Festival. During this period every year, volumes of passengers rush to railway stations, bus stations as well as airports; hence public transportation is under great pressure. Faced with the 40-day Spring Festival travel rush known as the biggest annual human migration in the world, transportation authorities have to optimize their services to ensure a smooth journey for every passenger.
10、中欧文化交流
中欧双方的文化交流源远流长。早在公元前2世纪，古老的丝绸之路就连接起长安和罗马，开启了中欧文明对话的先河。威尼斯商人马可·波罗(Marco Polo)游历中国大地后撰写的游记为西方世界揭开了这个东方国度的神秘面纱。中外文化交流的历史证明，一切优秀的文明成果都是人类长期生产实践和智慧的结晶，是人类文明进步的象征，是全人类的共同财富。
China and Europe have a long history of cultural exchange. As far back as the 2nd century B.C., the ancient Silk Road linked Chang’an and Rome and made possible the dialogue between Chinese and European civilizations. The travelogue written by a Venetian businessman Marco Polo after traveling in China introduced China, then a mysterious east land, to the West. The history of sino-foreign cultural exchange proves that all fine achievements of human civilization are fruits of long-term productive activities and human wisdom. They are symbols of human progress and the shared treasure of all mankind.
11、网络新闻传播
互联网已经成为人们获取信息的重要途径。互联网进入中国后，中国的广播电台、电视台就开始利用其资源优势和品牌优势开展网络新闻传播(dissemination)，满足人们对新闻信息的巨大需求。目前已形成了一批综合新闻信息服务网站，不仅增加了权威新闻信息传播的广度，为传统媒体自身发展拓展了新的空间，也逐渐成为人们获取新闻信息的重要渠道。
The Internet has become an important pathway for people to get information. Ever since it was introduced into China, China's radio and television stations have taken advantages of their resources and brands to launch Internet news dissemination in order to meet people's great needs for news. A number of websites providing comprehensive news service have been established, which not only extend the scope of the authoritative news dissemination, expand new space for the development of traditional media, but also gradually become the important channel for people to obtain news.
12、共享单车
大约30年前，中国被称为“自行车王国”。但随着自行车被燃油驱动的交通工具所取代，这种双轮交通方式的热度也开始衰退。但近几个月，中国大地上见证了一场普通自行车的复兴，越来越多的人选择骑车上班上学、游览观光，而非驾车出行。而由ofo、摩拜单车等新兴公司发起的共享单车计划，则将这一趋势带向了一个新高度。
About three decades ago, China was known as the “Bicycle Kingdom”. But the two-wheeled mode of transport's popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuel-powered competitors. But recent months have witnessed a resurgence of the ordinary bikes across China, with an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to go sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing schemes, initiated by start-ups like ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new height.
以上翻译希望大家可以背过，也希望大家可以考个好成绩，各位加油啦。
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