全国各地都在努力抗击新型冠状病毒的疫情。随着研究的不断深入，对这种病毒越来越了解，这有助于战胜疫情。但是时间紧迫，加上病毒又有自身的特点，就给疫情的控制带来了挑战。
The challenge of controlling the coronavirus outbreak
by Marilynn Marchione
Details that emerged last week about the new coronavirus from China show how challenging it could be to control this outbreak, health experts say. It can spread person to person, even if someone is showing no symptoms. The incubation period is so long that people may not know where or when they picked it up.
emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ v. 浮现、显现
coronavirus /kəˈrəʊnəˌvaɪərəs/ n. 冠状病毒
outbreak /ˈaʊtbreɪk/ n. （战争、疾病等）爆发
spread /spred/ v. 传播（过去式也是spread）
symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ n. 症状
incubation period 潜伏期
At first, some were relieved that the virus hasn't proved fatal as often as those that caused SARS, Ebola or some other recent menaces（祸害）. Now there's worry that it still might cause a lot of deaths if it spreads far more than those other viruses did.
relieve /rɪˈliːv/ v. 使宽心
virus /ˈvaɪərəs/ n. 病毒
fatal /ˈfeɪt(ə)l/ adj. 致命的
cause /kɔːz/ v. 造成
SARS 指2002～2003年在多国流行的病毒性肺炎（国内称之为“非典型肺炎”，简称“非典”）
The mortality rate looks like 2% to 3% but could be lower if many mild cases are going undetected. SARS, a genetic cousin of the new virus, proved fatal in about 10% of cases. The flu's mortality rate is only 0.1%, yet it kills hundreds of thousands around the world each year because it infects millions. So the size of the outbreak can matter as much as the lethality（致死力） of the virus in terms of how many deaths ultimately occur.
mortality /mɔːˈtæləti/ rate /reɪt/ 死亡率
mild /maɪld/ adj. 轻的、不严重的
undetected /ˌʌndɪˈtektɪd/ adj. 未检测到的（由detect的过去分词加上表示否定的前缀un-）
genetic /dʒəˈnetɪk/ adj. 基因的
cousin /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ n. 近亲
flu /fluː/ n. 流感
yet /jet/ adv. 然而
infect /ɪnˈfekt/ v. 使感染、传染
in terms of 就…而言
ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ adv. 最终
occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ v. 发生
The biggest worry is sustained transmission, where one person spreads the virus to another and that person continues to pass it on. Based on the first 425 confirmed cases in China, each infection led to 2.2 others on average, Chinese scientists reported last week in the New England Journal of Medicine. That's a bit more than ordinary flu but less than SARS.
sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. 使持久
transmission /trænzˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 传递、传染
based /beɪst/ on 基于
confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ v. 证实
infection /ɪnˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n. 感染（由infect加后缀-ion变成名词）
lead to 导致
journal /ˈdʒɜːn(ə)l/ n. 期刊
A related concern is how often people with no symptoms are infecting others. On Thursday, scientists reported that a Chinese woman who was not ill at the time spread the virus to a man in Germany during a business trip there, and that he in turn infected several other co-workers before showing any symptoms.
related /rɪˈleɪtɪd/ adj. 有关联的
concern /kənˈsɜːn/ n. 担心、担忧
co-worker 同事
If the virus can move extensively from person to person or without causing symptoms, "it will spread further and perhaps for longer than we initially hoped," said Dr. Ashish Jha, a Harvard University global health professor.
extensively /ɪkˈstensɪvli/ adv. 广泛地（由extensive加后缀-ly变成副词）
initially /ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)li/ adv. 最初、一开始（由initial加后缀-ly变成副词）
global /ˈɡləʊb(ə)l/ adj. 全球的、全世界的
Chinese scientists estimate the average incubation period to be roughly five days, but said it could last up to two weeks. Such a long potential incubation period can be a problem, said Robert Webster, an infectious disease expert at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital who has studied many outbreaks. "People can move away from where they contracted it and not even remember" places where they may have been exposed, he said.
estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 估计
roughly /ˈrʌfli/ adv. 大约
potential /pəˈtenʃ(ə)l/ adj. 潜在的
infectious /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ adj. 传染的
contract /kənˈtrækt/ v. 得（病）、感染
expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ v. （无防护地）接触（有害物质）
In addition, it's still a struggle to determine who is or is not infected. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has a test, but lacks enough confidence in its accuracy to make it widely available. That leaves a key gap, said Marc Lipsitch of Harvard's School of Public Health. "Any factor that makes it harder to be sure if someone is a case or not makes control harder," he said.
in addition 此外
struggle /ˈstrʌɡ(ə)l/ n. 难事
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 确定、查明
prevention /prɪˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n. 预防（由prevent加后缀-ion变成名词）
confidence /ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)ns/ n. 信心、把握
accuracy /ˈækjurəsi/ n. 准确度
widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地、普遍地（由wide加后缀-ly变成副词）
key /kiː/ adj. 关键的、极重要的
factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素
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