iOS MKMapView 基础

综述

地图相关类前缀CL: Core Location。

一.定位

CLLocationManager

The CLLocationManager object is your entry point to the location service.
用于定位

构造方法

- (CLLocationManager *)locationManager
{
    if (!_locationManager) {
        //判断定位功能是否打开
        if ([CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]) {
            _locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];
            _locationManager.delegate = self;
            [_locationManager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];
            
            //设置寻址精度
            _locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest;
            _locationManager.distanceFilter = 5.0;
            [_locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
        }
    }
    return _locationManager;
}

定位权限

- (void)getUserLocationAuthorization{
    //判断当前设备定位服务是否打开
    if (![CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]) {
        NSLog(@"设备尚未打开定位服务");
    }
    
    //判断当前设备版本大于iOS8以后的话执行里面的方法
    if ([UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion.floatValue >=8.0) {
        //当用户使用的时候授权
        [self.locationManager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];
    }
    if ([CLLocationManager authorizationStatus] == kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied) {
        NSString *message = @"您的手机目前未开启定位服务，如欲开启定位服务，请至设定开启定位服务功能";
        UIAlertView *alertView = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"无法定位" message:message delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles: nil];
        [alertView show];
    }
}

设置显示范围

遵循CLLocationManagerDelegate协议，实现代理方法

-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray<CLLocation *> *)locations
{
    [self.locationManager stopUpdatingHeading];
    //地址
    self.userLocation = [locations lastObject];
    //显示范围
    double latitudeSpan = fabs(self.latitude - self.userLocation.coordinate.latitude) * 3;
    double longitudeSpan = fabs(self.longitude - self.userLocation.coordinate.longitude) *3;
    
    MKCoordinateSpan span = MKCoordinateSpanMake(latitudeSpan, longitudeSpan);
    MKCoordinateRegion regoin = MKCoordinateRegionMake(self.userLocation.coordinate, span);
    [self.mapView setRegion:regoin animated:YES];
}

二.地图

初始化

- (MKMapView *)mapView
{
    if (!_mapView) {
        _mapView = [[MKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0,0, kScreenWidth, kScreenHeight)];
        //设置用户的跟踪模式
        _mapView.userTrackingMode = MKUserTrackingModeFollow;
        //设置标准地图
        _mapView.mapType = MKMapTypeStandard;
        // 不显示罗盘和比例尺
        if (@available(iOS 9.0, *)) {
            _mapView.showsCompass = NO;
            _mapView.showsScale = NO;
        }
        // 开启定位
        _mapView.showsUserLocation = YES;
        _mapView.delegate = self;
        //初始位置及显示范围
        MKCoordinateSpan span=MKCoordinateSpanMake(0.021251, 0.016093);
        [_mapView setRegion:MKCoordinateRegionMake(self.mapView.userLocation.coordinate, span) animated:YES];
    }
    return _mapView;
}

设置覆盖物

- (void)initCarPoint{
    //创建CLLocation 设置经纬度
    CLLocation *loc = [[CLLocation alloc]initWithLatitude:self.latitude longitude:self.longitude];
    CLLocationCoordinate2D coord = [loc coordinate];
    //创建标题
    NSString *titile = @"救护车";
    MSCarPoint *myPoint = [[MSCarPoint alloc] initWithCoordinate:coord andTitle:titile];
    //添加标注
    [self.mapView addAnnotation:myPoint];
}

- (MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation{
    static NSString *placemarkIdentifier = @"PointAnnotation";
    if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[MSCarPoint class]]){
        MKAnnotationView *annotationView = [[MKAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:placemarkIdentifier];
        if([annotation.title isEqualToString:@"救护车"]){
            //救护车
            annotationView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"icon"];
        }
        return annotationView;
    }
    return nil;
}

重定位我的位置

- (void)resetLocation:(id)sender {
    // 定位到我的位置
    [self.mapView setCenterCoordinate:_mapView.userLocation.coordinate animated:YES];
}

三.地理编码

CLGeocoder

CLGeocoder: 地理编码。
地理编码：根据给定的地名，获得具体的位置信息（比如经纬度、地址的全称等）
反地理编码：根据给定的经纬度，获得具体的位置信息

CLPlacemark

CLPlacemark: 详细的地址位置信息，包括如下主要属性。
地理位置 　　　　@property (nonatomic, readonly) CLLocation *location;
区域　　　　　　 @property (nonatomic, readonly) CLRegion *region;
详细的地址信息 @property (nonatomic, readonly) NSDictionary *addressDictionary;
地址名称　　　　@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString *name;
城市　　　　　　@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString *locality;

CLLocation

CLLocation：地理位置

根据地名进行标注代码实例

//初始化地理编码器
let coder = CLGeocoder()
//根据地名字符串返回CLPlacemark数组和error
coder.geocodeAddressString(area.name) { (placeMark, error) in
    //使用guard进行前置条件判断，为空时打印错误然后终止方法
    guard placeMark != nil else {
        print(error ?? "未知错误")
        return
    }
    //获取地理位置详细信息数组中第一个
    let place = placeMark?.first
    //初始化标注
    let annotation = MKPointAnnotation()
    //指定标注标题及副标题
    annotation.title = self.area.name
    annotation.subtitle = self.area.province
    
    //获取CLPlacemark中的CLLocation
    if let location = place?.location{
        //设置标注经纬度
        annotation.coordinate = location.coordinate
        //显示标注
        self.mapView.showAnnotations([annotation], animated: true)
        //选中标注
        self.mapView.selectAnnotation(annotation, animated: true)
    }
}

自定义图钉视图

遵循MKMapViewDelegate协议，实现如下代理方法。
- (nullable MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation;
代码如下。

// MARK: - map delegate
func mapView(_ mapView: MKMapView, viewFor annotation: MKAnnotation) -> MKAnnotationView? {
    //判断是否是用户位置
    if annotation is MKUserLocation {
        //如果是用户当前位置，终止方法
        return nil
    }
    //指定标注重用标识符
    let mapId = "myAnnotationId"
    //根据重用标识符获取标注视图（与cell重用原理类似）。 注：取出标注视图转为MKPinAnnotationView，自带图钉（只自定义左附加视图图片）
    var annotationView = mapView.dequeueReusableAnnotationView(withIdentifier: mapId) as? MKPinAnnotationView
    //判断标注视图是否存在
    if annotationView == nil {
        //如果标注视图不存在，根据标注和标注重用标识符创建标注视图
        annotationView = MKPinAnnotationView(annotation: annotation, reuseIdentifier: mapId)
        annotationView?.canShowCallout = true
    }
    //设置自定义icon视图
    let iconView = UIImageView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 53, height: 53))
    iconView.image = UIImage(named: "dislike")
    //设置左附加视图图片
    annotationView?.leftCalloutAccessoryView = iconView
    
    //自定义图钉颜色 IOS9+
    annotationView?.pinTintColor = UIColor.blue
    
    //返回标注视图
    return annotationView
}