SAT数学在统计里除了考察基本的mean,median,mode以及range以外,还会涉及一个基本的概念 —— Standard Deviation,今天我们就来聊聊SAT数学在Standard Deviation的考点和常见考法。
① 定义
标准差(Standard Deviation)
Standard Deviation is a measure of how far away the points in the data set are from the average value。
应对SAT数学的考试,我们只需要简单的理解为:Standard Deviation能反映一个数据集的离散程度,一组数据的离散程度越大,Standard Deviation越大,反之亦然。
② 考试要求
On the SAT Math Test, you will not be asked to compute the standard deviation of a data set, but you do need to understand that a larger standard deviation corresponds to a data set whose values are more spread out from the mean value.
可见对于这个知识点,建宇认为并不难掌握,因为我们不需要知道如何去算,我们只需要知道的是standard deviation本身的定义以及利用其本身定义做题即可。那在SAT数学的考试里,关于standard deviation的常见考法是什么样子的呢?我们来看一道khan样题。
③ 样题解析
The histograms to the left show the test results of two different 11th grade history classes on the same exam. Which statement best compares the standard deviations of the two data sets?
A. The standard deviation of the scores from class A is greater than the standard deviation of the scores from class B.
B. The standard deviation of the scores from class B is greater than the standard deviation of the scores from class A.
C. The standard deviation of the scores from class A is equal to the standard deviation of the scores from class B.
D. There is not enough information to compare the two standard deviations.
解析
从以前TD数学单项班的反馈来看,很多同学第一反应便是这道题应该选A啊,因为A图看起来更加分散,标准差更大等等等,但这是完全错误的。
我们注意看图中的纵坐标,纵坐标代表的是frequency,这意味着对于图A来说,大部分数据都较为集中于中间60-90的区域里;而图B大部份数据都很平均的分布在50到100的每一个区域里,如果把数据列出来,图B所代表的数据会分散在50-100的每一个区域里,反而更为扩散,标准差更大,所以这道题目选B。
从这题可以看出,同学们在比较两组数据的standard deviation的时候一定要悉心审题,看清楚图表中纵坐标所表示的含义(是确切的值还是频率),不要被图形的表象所欺骗,导致不小心丢分。
OG样题练习
The dot plots above summarize the scores that two classes, each with 24 students, at Central High School achieved on a current events quiz. Which of the following correctly compares the standard deviation of the scores in each of the classes?
A) The standard deviation of the scores in Class A is smaller.
B) The standard deviation of the scores in Class B is smaller.
C) The standard deviation of the scores in Class A and Class B is the same.
D) The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
解析
这道题目还是在考察standard deviation的定义,即越扩散standard deviation越大。在Class A,大部份数据都集中在3和4上,而在Class B,数据都是平均的扩散到0-5的每一个数值上,显然Class B的成绩分布更为扩散,standard deviation更大,选A。
总结
数学是一门需要练习的学科,有时候哪怕熟知知识点但缺少练习还是拿不到理想的分数。这道题目就是很好的印证,我们不仅需要知道知识点的定义,也需要「学以致用」,懂得利用知识点正确的解决对应的题型。祝大家备考顺利!
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