震惊,Python竟然如此排序
为图方便,以下代码均在ipython中操作
1.列表排序
- 使用sort()进行排序:
In [1]: a = [5, 3, 2, 1, 4]
In [2]: a.sort()
In [3]: a
Out[3]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
注:排序后原list
已经改变
- 使用sorted()进行排序:
In [4]: a = [5, 3, 2, 1, 4]
In [5]: b = sorted(a)
In [6]: b
Out[6]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
In [7]: a
Out[7]: [5, 3, 2, 1, 4]
注:排序后原list
没有改变
2.字典排序
- 使用sorted进行排序:
In [8]: dict = {'micheal': 23, 'kobe': 8, 'lebron': 5}
In [11]: sorted_dict = sorted(dict.items(), key=lambda x:x[0])
In [12]: sorted_dict
Out[12]: [('kobe', 8), ('lebron', 5), ('micheal', 23)]
In [13]: sorted_dict2 = sorted(dict.items(), key=lambda x:x[1])
In [14]: sorted_dict2
Out[14]: [('lebron', 5), ('kobe', 8), ('micheal', 23)]
注:将dict.items()
传给sorted函数,一个匿名函数
传递给sorted可选参数
key,当匿名函数返回x[0]时,sorted对字典的key
进行排序,返回x[1]时,则对字典的value
进行排序,事实上,dict.items()
就是将字典转化成一组tuple的list,如下:
In [10]: dict.items()
Out[10]: dict_items([('kobe', 8), ('micheal', 23), ('lebron', 5)])
3.对象排序
- 和字典排序方法基本一样,代码如下:
In [3]: class Player:
...: def __init__(self, name, level, num):
...: self.name = name
...: self.level = level
...: self.num = num
...: def __repr__(self):
...: return repr((self.name, self.level, self.num))
...: players = [Player('kobe', 'S', 8), Player('micheal', 'A', 23), Player('lebron', 'B', 5)]
...: sorted_players = sorted(players, key=lambda player:player.num)
...: sorted_players
Out[3]: [('lebron', 'B', 5), ('kobe', 'S', 8), ('micheal', 'A', 23)]
注:在匿名函数中指定按对象哪个属性
排序
-
特别地,可以使用
oprator
模块中的itemgetter
和attrgetter
先后根据对象的多个属性进行排序,如以下代码所示,分别将函数itemgetter
和attrgetter
函数传递给参数key
即可对对象进行排序,区别是: -
attrgetter
接收对象属性名参数,如下:
In [5]: from operator import itemgetter, attrgetter
In [6]: players = [Player('kobe', 'S', 8), Player('micheal', 'S', 5), Player('lebron', 'B', 5)]
In [7]: sorted_players = sorted(players, key=attrgetter('level', 'num'))
In [8]: sorted_players
Out[9]: [('lebron', 'B', 5), ('micheal', 'S', 5), ('kobe', 'S', 8)]
-
itemgetter
接收int型参数,如下:
In [10]: players = [('kobe', 'S', 58), ('micheal', 'S', 5), ('lebron', 'B', 5)]
In [11]: sorted_players = sorted(players, key=itemgetter(1, 2))
In [12]: sorted_players
Out[13]: [('lebron', 'B', 5), ('micheal', 'S', 5), ('kobe', 'S', 58)]
代码中的彩蛋:
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