Servlet的定义:
Servlet是在服务器上运行的小程序。一个Servlet就是一个java类,并且可以通过“请求-响应”编程模型来访问这个驻留在服务器中内存
里的Servlet小程序。
Tomcat的容器等级:
Tomcat的容器分为四个等级,Servlet的容器管理Context容器,一个Context对应一个Web工程。
Tomcat容器等级编写第一个Servlet小程序:
- 继承HttpServlet
- 重写doGet()或者doPost()方法
- 在web.xml中注册Servlet
- 创建测试类HelloServlet.java,其继承抽象类HttpServlet
package com.zzw.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("处理Get()请求...");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
//指定输出的文件类型
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//向浏览器输出信息
out.println("<h1>Hello Servlet!</h1><br/>");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("处理Post()请求...");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
out.println("<h1>Hi Welcome!</h1><br/>");
}
}
- 编写初始化页面index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<html>
<body>
<h1>第一个Servlet</h1>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<a href="servlet/HelloServlet">Get方式请求HelloServlet</a>
<hr/>
<form action="servlet/HelloServlet" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="Post方式请求HelloServlet" />
</form>
<hr/>
</body>
</html>
- 注册servlet实例,修改web.xml文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--注册servlet,处理类-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<!--包名+类名-->
<servlet-class>com.zzw.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--请求地址映射到上面的实体类,两者的ServletName要保持一致-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<!--先写一个斜杆,表示当前项目的根目录,然后对应jsp页面中某个链接请求-->
<url-pattern>/servlet/HelloServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Servlet执行流程
Servlet的生命周期
- 该阶段包括
初始化
、加载
、实例化
、服务
和销毁
。
servlet的生命周期1、初始化阶段,调用init()方法;
2、响应客户请求阶段,调用service()方法。由service()方法根据提交方式选择执行doGeT()或者doPost()方法;
3、终止阶段,调用destroy()方法。
- 在下列时刻Servlet容器装载Servlet:
- Servlet容器启动时自动装载某些Servlet,实现它只需要在web.xml文件中的<Servlet></Servlet>之间添加如下代码:
<loadon-startup>1</loadon-startup>
,数字越小表示优先级别越高;- 在Servlet容器启动后,客户端首次向Servlet发送请求;
- Servlet类文件被更新后,Servlet容器将会重新装载Servlet;(tomcat服务器一启动,Servlet实例长期驻留在内存中)
- Servlet被装载后(类的构造函数先执行),Servlet容器创建一个Servlet实例时首先调用Servlet的init()方法进行初始化。在Servlet的整个生命周期内,init()方法只被调用一次。
- 修改HelloServlet.java文件
package com.zzw.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet{
public HelloServlet() {
System.out.println("HelloServlet的构造方法被执行......");
}
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
super.init();
System.out.println("HelloServlet的init方法被执行......");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("HelloServlet的destroy方法被执行......");
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("HelloServlet中的doGet方法被执行...");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
//指定输出的文件类型
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//向浏览器输出信息
out.println("<h1>Hello Servlet!</h1><br/>");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("HelloServlet中的doPost方法被执行...");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
out.println("<h1>Hi Welcome!</h1><br/>");
}
}
- 创建测试类TestServlet1.java,其继承抽象类HttpServlet
package com.zzw.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class TestServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
public TestServlet1() {
System.out.println("TestServlet1的构造方法被执行......");
}
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
super.init();
System.out.println("TestServlet1的init方法被执行......");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("TestServlet1的destroy方法被执行......");
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("TestServlet1的doGet方法被执行......");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.println("<h1>Hello!我是TestServlet1</h1><br/>");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("TestServlet1的doPost方法被执行......");
//设置响应文本类型
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.println("<h1>Hi!Welcome!</h1><br/>");
}
}
- 修改初始化页面index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<html>
<body>
<h1>第一个Servlet</h1>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<a href="servlet/HelloServlet">Get方式请求HelloServlet</a>
<hr/>
<form action="servlet/HelloServlet" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="Post方式请求HelloServlet" />
</form>
<hr/>
<h1>Servlet生命周期</h1>
<a href="servlet/TestServlet1">以Get方式请求TestServlet1</a>
<form action="servlet/TestServlet1" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="Post方式请求TestServlet1" />
</form>
<hr/>
</body>
</html>
- 注册servlet实例,修改web.xml文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--注册servlet,处理类-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<!--包名+类名-->
<servlet-class>com.zzw.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TestServlet1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.zzw.servlet.TestServlet1</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--请求地址映射到上面的实体类,两者的ServletName要保持一致-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<!--先写一个斜杆,表示项目的根目录,然后对应jsp页面中某个链接请求-->
<url-pattern>/servlet/HelloServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TestServlet1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/TestServlet1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
servlet容器自动装载servlet的执行结果
servlet与九大内置对象
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