闲暇之余，利用网络请求库requests结合BeautifulSoup实现对古诗文网的史书和部分诗集的爬取，已封装为一个类。
实现功能:
1.可以对输入的史书名(如'史记'、'汉书'、'明史'，)进行搜寻和下载。
2.可以对输入的诗集名(如'唐诗三百首'、'爱情'、'小学古诗')进行搜寻和下载。
3.下载成的文件夹名称以找到的实际名字为准(如是诗集,可能比输入的名字多)，路径默认为当前脚本同级目录。
代码如下:
import os
import random
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import time
from xpinyin import Pinyin
class GuShiWen(object):
"""
古诗文网操作类
"""
def __init__(self):
"""
初始化
"""
# 浏览器标识集
user_agent = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
"Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
"Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; ."
"NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; InfoPath.3; rv:11.0) like Gecko",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)",
]
# 随机获取一个浏览器
rand_agent = random.choice(user_agent)
# 拼装请求头
self.header = {
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,images/webp,images/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
"User-Agent": rand_agent,
}
def get_proxy_content(self):
"""
获取代理ip
:return:代理ip
"""
with open('hosts.txt','r') as fp:
content = fp.read().split('\n')
return content
def get_cate_div_list(self, url, cate_lable):
"""
获取分类的列表
:param url: 详情页url
:return:分类的列表/None
"""
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=self.header,)
except:
return None
response.encoding='utf8'
result = response.content
su = BeautifulSoup(result, 'lxml')
sonsdiv= su.find('div', class_="sons")
# print(sonsdiv)
catedivs = sonsdiv.find_all('div', class_=cate_lable)
# print(catedivs)
return catedivs
def get_gushi(self, url):
"""
获得古诗或者文章的详情页
:param url: url
:return: 古诗url返回的页面的BeautifulSoup对象格式/None
"""
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=self.header)
except:
return None
response.encoding = 'utf8'
result = response.content
su = BeautifulSoup(result, 'lxml')
return su
def get_gushi_url(self, name):
"""
判断专题的页面是否存在
:param url: url
:return: 古诗专题url/False，名称/None
"""
# print(name)
name_len = len(name)
# print(pinyin)
if len(name) == 2:
pinyin = Pinyin().get_pinyin(name).replace('-', '')
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/%s.aspx' % pinyin
response = requests.get(url, headers=self.header)
# print(response.status_code)
content = response.content.decode('utf8')
# print(content)
if '该网页不存在或存在错误' in content:
print('没有找到‘%s’相关古诗文专题！' % name)
return False
else:
# print(url)
return url
else:
rand_name = []
for i in range(name_len-1):
for y in range(i+1, name_len):
rand_name.append(name[i] + name[y])
# print(rand_name)
for r_name in rand_name:
pinyin = Pinyin().get_pinyin(r_name).replace('-', '')
# print(pinyin)
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/%s.aspx' % pinyin
response = requests.get(url, headers=self.header)
# print(response.status_code)
content = response.content.decode('utf8')
# print(content)
if '该网页不存在或存在错误' in content:
if r_name == rand_name[-1]:
print('没有找到‘%s’相关古诗文专题！' % name)
return False
continue
else:
# print(url)
su = BeautifulSoup(content, 'lxml')
title = su.find('div', class_='title').get_text().strip()
# print(title)
if name in title:
# print(name, url)
return url
else:
if r_name == rand_name[-1]:
print('没有找到‘%s’相关古诗文专题！' % name)
return False
continue
def get_guji_url(self, dirname):
"""
判断史籍存在与否并返回目录页url
:param dirname: 史籍名
:return: 古籍目录页面url/False
"""
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/search.aspx?value=' + dirname
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=self.header)
except:
return None
response.encoding = 'utf8'
result = response.content
# print(result)
su = BeautifulSoup(result, 'lxml')
div = su.find('div', class_="sonspic")
# print(div)
if div is None:
print('没有找到"%s"相关史籍！' % dirname)
return False
find_p = div.find('div',class_='cont').find('p')
find_name = find_p.find('b').get_text()
if find_name != dirname:
print('没有找到"%s"相关史籍！' % dirname)
return False
url = find_p.find('a')['href']
# print(url)
# print(find_name)
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/' + url
# print(url)
return url
def download_poem(self):
"""
下载专题诗集
:return:无
"""
name = input('请输入要下载的古诗集专题名:')
# 查询并获取输入诗集名的目录页面url
url= self.get_gushi_url(name)
# print(url)
# 如果找不到诗集，下载失败
if not url:
print('下载诗集《%s》失败！' % name)
return False
# 创建路径准备下载
if not os.path.exists(name):
os.mkdir(name)
# 将目录页面分解为大章节块
cate_div_list = self.get_cate_div_list(url, "typecont")
# 按章节进行下载
self.download_cate(cate_div_list, name)
def download_guji(self):
"""
下载史籍
:return: 无
"""
name = input('请输入要下载史籍名:')
# 查询并获取输入史籍名的目录页面url
url = self.get_guji_url(name)
# print(url)
# 如果找不到史籍，下载失败
if not url:
print('下载史籍《%s》失败！' % name)
return False
# 创建路径准备下载
if not os.path.exists(name):
os.mkdir(name)
# 将目录页面分解为大章节块
cate_div_list = self.get_cate_div_list(url, "bookcont")
# 按大章节进行下载
self.download_cate(cate_div_list,name)
def download_detail(self, gushilist, dir_name, catename = None):
"""
具体下载某篇文章或诗文
:return: 无
"""
s = 1
for x in gushilist:
tittle = x.get_text()
try:
tittle = re.findall('(.*?)\(.*?\)', tittle)[0]
except:
pass
detailurl = 'https://so.gushiwen.org' + x.find('a')['href']
gushi = self.get_gushi(detailurl)
age_author = gushi.find('p', class_='source').get_text()
content = gushi.find('div', class_='contson').get_text()
allcontent = tittle + '\n--' + age_author + '\n' + content
if not catename:
f = open(os.path.join('./' + dir_name, tittle + '.txt'), 'wb')
else:
f = open(os.path.join('./' + dir_name, catename, tittle + '.txt'), 'wb')
f.write(allcontent.encode('utf8'))
if catename:
print('《%s》之《%s》第%d篇《%s》下载成功!!!' % (dir_name, catename, s, tittle))
else:
print('《%s》第%d篇《%s》下载成功!!!' % (dir_name, s, tittle))
s += 1
if catename:
print('"%s"之----"%s"下载完成！----------------' % (dir_name, catename))
time.sleep(2)
def download_cate(self, cate_div_list, dir_name):
"""
下载详情章节下的内容
:return: 无
"""
# print(cate_div_list)
if len(cate_div_list) == 1:
gushilist = cate_div_list[0].find_all('span')
self.download_detail(gushilist, dir_name)
else:
for i in range(len(cate_div_list)):
catediv = cate_div_list[i]
catename = catediv.find('div',class_="bookMl").get_text()
if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),dir_name,catename)):
os.mkdir(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),dir_name,catename))
gushilist = catediv.find_all('span')
self.download_detail(gushilist, dir_name, catename)
print('下载《%s》成功！' % dir_name)
def download(self):
"""
选择要下载的类型进行下载
:return: 无
"""
choice = input('请选择你要下载的类型(1.史书 2.诗集),输入对应数字:')
if choice == '1':
self.download_guji()
if choice == '2':
self.download_poem()
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 实例化古诗文对象
gushiwen = GuShiWen()
# 调用下载方法
gushiwen.download()
# ***************测试*******************************
# gushiwen.get_gushi_url('小学古诗')
# gushiwen.get_guji_url('元史')
运行的效果如下:
运行效果.png
下载后的文件如下：
下载文件夹.png
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