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Android 自定义 HorizontalScrollView

Android 自定义 HorizontalScrollView

作者: AiPuff | 来源:发表于2016-10-22 16:22 被阅读684次

    转载请标明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/38140505
    自从Gallery被谷歌废弃以后,Google推荐使用ViewPager和HorizontalScrollView来实现Gallery的效果。的确HorizontalScrollView可以实现Gallery的效果,但是HorizontalScrollView存在一个很大的问题,如果你仅是用来展示少量的图片,应该是没问题的,但是如果我希望HorizontalScrollView可以想ViewPager一样,既可以绑定数据集(动态改变图片),还能做到,不管多少图片都不会OOM(ViewPager内部一直初始化,回收,至多只保持3个View)。本篇博客首先介绍HorizontalScrollView的简单用法,然后会在此基础上进行扩展,自定义HorizontalScrollView实现我们上面提到的效果,类似一屏可以显示多个View的ViewPager,再多的图片也不怕OOM。

    1、HorizontalScrollView的简单用法

    HorizontalScrollView其实是FrameLayout的子类,所以内部只能有一个直接的子View。我们用来做Gallery效果,首选当然是LinearLayout,然后方向设置为水平。
    1、布局文件:

    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
        android:layout_width="match_parent"  
        android:layout_height="match_parent"  
         >  
        <HorizontalScrollView  
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
            android:layout_height="150dp"  
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"  
            android:background="#AA444444"  
            android:scrollbars="none" >  
      
            <LinearLayout  
                android:id="@+id/id_gallery"  
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
                android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"  
                android:orientation="horizontal" >  
            </LinearLayout>  
        </HorizontalScrollView>  
      
    </LinearLayout>  
    

    很简单,就一个HorizontalScrollView内部有个水平方向的LinearLayout
    MainActivity:

    package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview;  
      
    import android.app.Activity;  
    import android.os.Bundle;  
    import android.view.LayoutInflater;  
    import android.view.View;  
    import android.view.Window;  
    import android.widget.ImageView;  
    import android.widget.LinearLayout;  
    import android.widget.TextView;  
      
    public class MainActivity extends Activity  
    {  
      
        private LinearLayout mGallery;  
        private int[] mImgIds;  
        private LayoutInflater mInflater;  
      
        @Override  
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)  
        {  
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
            requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);  
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
            mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this);  
            initData();  
            initView();  
      
        }  
      
        private void initData()  
        {  
            mImgIds = new int[] { R.drawable.a, R.drawable.b, R.drawable.c,  
                    R.drawable.d, R.drawable.e, R.drawable.f, R.drawable.g,  
                    R.drawable.h, R.drawable.l };  
        }  
      
        private void initView()  
        {  
            mGallery = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_gallery);  
      
            for (int i = 0; i < mImgIds.length; i++)  
            {  
                  
                View view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_index_gallery_item,  
                        mGallery, false);  
                ImageView img = (ImageView) view  
                        .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_image);  
                img.setImageResource(mImgIds[i]);  
                TextView txt = (TextView) view  
                        .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_text);  
                txt.setText("some info ");  
                mGallery.addView(view);  
            }  
        }  
      
    }  
    

    很简单,我预先准备了一些图片直接放在了Drawble下,然后循环加入HorizontalScrollView的LinearLayout中即可,Item的布局就省了,后面会贴源码。
    效果图:


    效果还是不错的~如果只需要简单展示几张图片,直接用就可以了。
    下面准备进入正题,HorizontalScrollView不管里面多少View都是不会回收的,当达到一定量的时候会发生OOM,下面介绍如何改写HorizontalScollView实现文章开始所说的效果。
    2、自定义HorizontalScrollView
    思想:
    1、首先根据屏幕的大小和Item的大小,计算可以一个屏幕最多可以加载多少个Item,然后加载该数量Item。
    2、当用户右滑(从右向左),滑动到一定距离时,加载下一张,删除第一张
    3、当用户左滑(从左向右),滑动到一定距离时,加载上一张,删除最后一张
    看下最后的效果图:

    为了增加一定的趣味,做了一个类似上面的相册效果,支持拖动时自动变化,和点击变化~是不是很赞
    1、首先看布局文件:
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
        android:layout_width="match_parent"  
        android:layout_height="match_parent"  
        android:background="@android:color/white"  
        android:orientation="vertical" >  
      
        <FrameLayout  
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
            android:layout_height="0dp"  
            android:layout_weight="1" >  
      
            <ImageView  
                android:id="@+id/id_content"  
                android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
                android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
                android:layout_gravity="center"  
                android:layout_margin="10dp"  
                android:scaleType="centerCrop"  
                android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" />  
        </FrameLayout>  
      
        <com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView  
            android:id="@+id/id_horizontalScrollView"  
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
            android:layout_height="150dp"  
            android:layout_gravity="bottom"  
            android:background="@android:color/white"  
            android:scrollbars="none" >  
      
            <LinearLayout  
                android:id="@+id/id_gallery"  
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
                android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"  
                android:orientation="horizontal" >  
            </LinearLayout>  
        </com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView>  
      
    </LinearLayout>  
    

    没任何变化,除了把类名改成了我们自定义的类~

    2、为了和国际接轨,我们也搞个Adapter,类似BaseAdapter

    package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview;  
      
    import java.util.List;  
      
    import android.content.Context;  
    import android.view.LayoutInflater;  
    import android.view.View;  
    import android.view.ViewGroup;  
    import android.widget.BaseAdapter;  
    import android.widget.ImageView;  
    import android.widget.TextView;  
      
    public class HorizontalScrollViewAdapter  
    {  
      
        private Context mContext;  
        private LayoutInflater mInflater;  
        private List<Integer> mDatas;  
      
        public HorizontalScrollViewAdapter(Context context, List<Integer> mDatas)  
        {  
            this.mContext = context;  
            mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);  
            this.mDatas = mDatas;  
        }  
      
        public int getCount()  
        {  
            return mDatas.size();  
        }  
      
        public Object getItem(int position)  
        {  
            return mDatas.get(position);  
        }  
      
        public long getItemId(int position)  
        {  
            return position;  
        }  
      
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent)  
        {  
            ViewHolder viewHolder = null;  
            if (convertView == null)  
            {  
                viewHolder = new ViewHolder();  
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(  
                        R.layout.activity_index_gallery_item, parent, false);  
                viewHolder.mImg = (ImageView) convertView  
                        .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_image);  
                viewHolder.mText = (TextView) convertView  
                        .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_text);  
      
                convertView.setTag(viewHolder);  
            } else  
            {  
                viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();  
            }  
            viewHolder.mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position));  
            viewHolder.mText.setText("some info ");  
      
            return convertView;  
        }  
      
        private class ViewHolder  
        {  
            ImageView mImg;  
            TextView mText;  
        }  
      
    }  
    

    3、下面先看用法:

    package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview;  
      
    import java.util.ArrayList;  
    import java.util.Arrays;  
    import java.util.List;  
      
    import android.app.Activity;  
    import android.graphics.Color;  
    import android.os.Bundle;  
    import android.view.View;  
    import android.view.Window;  
    import android.widget.ImageView;  
      
    import com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView.CurrentImageChangeListener;  
    import com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView.OnItemClickListener;  
      
    public class MainActivity extends Activity  
    {  
      
        private MyHorizontalScrollView mHorizontalScrollView;  
        private HorizontalScrollViewAdapter mAdapter;  
        private ImageView mImg;  
        private List<Integer> mDatas = new ArrayList<Integer>(Arrays.asList(  
                R.drawable.a, R.drawable.b, R.drawable.c, R.drawable.d,  
                R.drawable.e, R.drawable.f, R.drawable.g, R.drawable.h,  
                R.drawable.l));  
      
        @Override  
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)  
        {  
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
            requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);  
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
      
            mImg = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.id_content);  
      
            mHorizontalScrollView = (MyHorizontalScrollView) findViewById(R.id.id_horizontalScrollView);  
            mAdapter = new HorizontalScrollViewAdapter(this, mDatas);  
            //添加滚动回调  
            mHorizontalScrollView  
                    .setCurrentImageChangeListener(new CurrentImageChangeListener()  
                    {  
                        @Override  
                        public void onCurrentImgChanged(int position,  
                                View viewIndicator)  
                        {  
                            mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position));  
                            viewIndicator.setBackgroundColor(Color  
                                    .parseColor("#AA024DA4"));  
                        }  
                    });  
            //添加点击回调  
            mHorizontalScrollView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener()  
            {  
      
                @Override  
                public void onClick(View view, int position)  
                {  
                    mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position));  
                    view.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#AA024DA4"));  
                }  
            });  
            //设置适配器  
            mHorizontalScrollView.initDatas(mAdapter);  
        }  
      
    }  
    

    用起来是不是有点像ListView,初始化数据适配器,然后设置数据适配器,然后就是设置各种回调~~
    如果仅仅是一堆图片展示,类似商品切换,更见简单,就不需要设置滚动监听和点击监听了~
    4、最后看自定义的MyHorizontalScrollView类

    package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview;  
      
    import java.util.HashMap;  
    import java.util.Map;  
      
    import android.content.Context;  
    import android.graphics.Color;  
    import android.util.AttributeSet;  
    import android.util.DisplayMetrics;  
    import android.util.Log;  
    import android.view.MotionEvent;  
    import android.view.View;  
    import android.view.View.OnClickListener;  
    import android.view.WindowManager;  
    import android.widget.HorizontalScrollView;  
    import android.widget.LinearLayout;  
      
    public class MyHorizontalScrollView extends HorizontalScrollView implements  
            OnClickListener  
    {  
      
        /** 
         * 图片滚动时的回调接口 
         *  
         * @author zhy 
         *  
         */  
        public interface CurrentImageChangeListener  
        {  
            void onCurrentImgChanged(int position, View viewIndicator);  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * 条目点击时的回调 
         *  
         * @author zhy 
         *  
         */  
        public interface OnItemClickListener  
        {  
            void onClick(View view, int pos);  
        }  
      
        private CurrentImageChangeListener mListener;  
      
        private OnItemClickListener mOnClickListener;  
      
        private static final String TAG = "MyHorizontalScrollView";  
      
        /** 
         * HorizontalListView中的LinearLayout 
         */  
        private LinearLayout mContainer;  
      
        /** 
         * 子元素的宽度 
         */  
        private int mChildWidth;  
        /** 
         * 子元素的高度 
         */  
        private int mChildHeight;  
        /** 
         * 当前最后一张图片的index 
         */  
        private int mCurrentIndex;  
        /** 
         * 当前第一张图片的下标 
         */  
        private int mFristIndex;  
        /** 
         * 当前第一个View 
         */  
        private View mFirstView;  
        /** 
         * 数据适配器 
         */  
        private HorizontalScrollViewAdapter mAdapter;  
        /** 
         * 每屏幕最多显示的个数 
         */  
        private int mCountOneScreen;  
        /** 
         * 屏幕的宽度 
         */  
        private int mScreenWitdh;  
      
      
        /** 
         * 保存View与位置的键值对 
         */  
        private Map<View, Integer> mViewPos = new HashMap<View, Integer>();  
      
        public MyHorizontalScrollView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)  
        {  
            super(context, attrs);  
            // 获得屏幕宽度  
            WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) context  
                    .getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);  
            DisplayMetrics outMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();  
            wm.getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(outMetrics);  
            mScreenWitdh = outMetrics.widthPixels;  
        }  
      
        @Override  
        protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)  
        {  
            super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);  
            mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0);  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * 加载下一张图片 
         */  
        protected void loadNextImg()  
        {  
            // 数组边界值计算  
            if (mCurrentIndex == mAdapter.getCount() - 1)  
            {  
                return;  
            }  
            //移除第一张图片,且将水平滚动位置置0  
            scrollTo(0, 0);  
            mViewPos.remove(mContainer.getChildAt(0));  
            mContainer.removeViewAt(0);  
              
            //获取下一张图片,并且设置onclick事件,且加入容器中  
            View view = mAdapter.getView(++mCurrentIndex, null, mContainer);  
            view.setOnClickListener(this);  
            mContainer.addView(view);  
            mViewPos.put(view, mCurrentIndex);  
              
            //当前第一张图片小标  
            mFristIndex++;  
            //如果设置了滚动监听则触发  
            if (mListener != null)  
            {  
                notifyCurrentImgChanged();  
            }  
      
        }  
        /** 
         * 加载前一张图片 
         */  
        protected void loadPreImg()  
        {  
            //如果当前已经是第一张,则返回  
            if (mFristIndex == 0)  
                return;  
            //获得当前应该显示为第一张图片的下标  
            int index = mCurrentIndex - mCountOneScreen;  
            if (index >= 0)  
            {  
    //          mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0);  
                //移除最后一张  
                int oldViewPos = mContainer.getChildCount() - 1;  
                mViewPos.remove(mContainer.getChildAt(oldViewPos));  
                mContainer.removeViewAt(oldViewPos);  
                  
                //将此View放入第一个位置  
                View view = mAdapter.getView(index, null, mContainer);  
                mViewPos.put(view, index);  
                mContainer.addView(view, 0);  
                view.setOnClickListener(this);  
                //水平滚动位置向左移动view的宽度个像素  
                scrollTo(mChildWidth, 0);  
                //当前位置--,当前第一个显示的下标--  
                mCurrentIndex--;  
                mFristIndex--;  
                //回调  
                if (mListener != null)  
                {  
                    notifyCurrentImgChanged();  
      
                }  
            }  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * 滑动时的回调 
         */  
        public void notifyCurrentImgChanged()  
        {  
            //先清除所有的背景色,点击时会设置为蓝色  
            for (int i = 0; i < mContainer.getChildCount(); i++)  
            {  
                mContainer.getChildAt(i).setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);  
            }  
              
            mListener.onCurrentImgChanged(mFristIndex, mContainer.getChildAt(0));  
      
        }  
      
        /** 
         * 初始化数据,设置数据适配器 
         *  
         * @param mAdapter 
         */  
        public void initDatas(HorizontalScrollViewAdapter mAdapter)  
        {  
            this.mAdapter = mAdapter;  
            mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0);  
            // 获得适配器中第一个View  
            final View view = mAdapter.getView(0, null, mContainer);  
            mContainer.addView(view);  
      
            // 强制计算当前View的宽和高  
            if (mChildWidth == 0 && mChildHeight == 0)  
            {  
                int w = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0,  
                        View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);  
                int h = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0,  
                        View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);  
                view.measure(w, h);  
                mChildHeight = view.getMeasuredHeight();  
                mChildWidth = view.getMeasuredWidth();  
                Log.e(TAG, view.getMeasuredWidth() + "," + view.getMeasuredHeight());  
                mChildHeight = view.getMeasuredHeight();  
                // 计算每次加载多少个View  
                mCountOneScreen = mScreenWitdh / mChildWidth+2;  
      
                Log.e(TAG, "mCountOneScreen = " + mCountOneScreen  
                        + " ,mChildWidth = " + mChildWidth);  
                  
      
            }  
            //初始化第一屏幕的元素  
            initFirstScreenChildren(mCountOneScreen);  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * 加载第一屏的View 
         *  
         * @param mCountOneScreen 
         */  
        public void initFirstScreenChildren(int mCountOneScreen)  
        {  
            mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0);  
            mContainer.removeAllViews();  
            mViewPos.clear();  
      
            for (int i = 0; i < mCountOneScreen; i++)  
            {  
                View view = mAdapter.getView(i, null, mContainer);  
                view.setOnClickListener(this);  
                mContainer.addView(view);  
                mViewPos.put(view, i);  
                mCurrentIndex = i;  
            }  
      
            if (mListener != null)  
            {  
                notifyCurrentImgChanged();  
            }  
      
        }  
      
        @Override  
        public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)  
        {  
            switch (ev.getAction())  
            {  
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:  
    //          Log.e(TAG, getScrollX() + "");  
      
                int scrollX = getScrollX();  
                // 如果当前scrollX为view的宽度,加载下一张,移除第一张  
                if (scrollX >= mChildWidth)  
                {  
                    loadNextImg();  
                }  
                // 如果当前scrollX = 0, 往前设置一张,移除最后一张  
                if (scrollX == 0)  
                {  
                    loadPreImg();  
                }  
                break;  
            }  
            return super.onTouchEvent(ev);  
        }  
      
        @Override  
        public void onClick(View v)  
        {  
            if (mOnClickListener != null)  
            {  
                for (int i = 0; i < mContainer.getChildCount(); i++)  
                {  
                    mContainer.getChildAt(i).setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);  
                }  
                mOnClickListener.onClick(v, mViewPos.get(v));  
            }  
        }  
      
        public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener mOnClickListener)  
        {  
            this.mOnClickListener = mOnClickListener;  
        }  
      
        public void setCurrentImageChangeListener(  
                CurrentImageChangeListener mListener)  
        {  
            this.mListener = mListener;  
        }  
      
    }  
    

    首先,加载第一个Item,根据item的宽计算当前屏幕可以加载多少张图片,然后初始化第一屏的图片,接下来就是从写onTouchEvent,在其中监听用户的ACTION_MOVE,然后根据移动的距离加载前一张或者后一张,同时动态移除不可见的View,回收内存~~~~
    代码中有个Map专门存储View和posion的,主要是为了给点击回调提供当前的View的位置,有点类似:Android 自定义 ViewPager 打造千变万化的图片切换效果里面的Map的巧妙用法~~
    是不是完全实现了ViewPager和HorizontalScrollView的合体~~**HorizontalScrollView的效果,ViewPager的特性~~~**
    最后贴一下旋转屏幕后的效果图:


    可以看出,不仅是做相册,还是图片轮播想过都是刚刚的!

    如果你的项目中需要用到Gallery类似的效果,果断使用上例尝试吧~~

    各位看官没事点个赞,留个言呗~

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