背景：
Z. mays immune signalling peptide 1 (Zip1):17 amino acid peptide [+EGESELKLATQGASVRR–]
corn smut [植保] 玉米黑粉病
玉米黑粉病由玉米黑粉菌（Ustilago maydis）（活体寄生biotrophic
fungus）所引起的一种局部侵染性病害。孢子堆的小大、形状不定，多呈瘤状，长或直径3-15cm，初期外面有一层白色膜，往往由寄生组织形成，有时还带黄绿色或紫红色彩，后渐变灰白至灰色，破裂后散出大量黑色粉末，即冬孢子。
E-6427, a specific PLCP inhibitor
结果：
In vitro studies demonstrate that PLCPs arerequired to release bioactive Zip1 from its propeptide precursor. Conversely,Zip1 treatment strongly elicits SA accumulation in leaves. Zip1 promotes theinfection of the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea,while it reducesvirulence of the biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis.
日积月累：
aerial parts 地上部分
activity-based protein profiling (ABPP)
DCG-04, a specific probe for the detectionof active PLCPs
damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)
Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs)
Papain [pə'peɪɪn; pə'paɪɪn]/ [pə'peɪn] n. [生化] 木瓜蛋白酶
fungi[ˈfʌŋɡaɪ; ˈfʌndʒaɪ; ˈfʌndʒɪ]
n. 真菌；菌类；蘑菇（fungus的复数）
fungus ['fʌŋgəs] n.真菌，霉菌；菌类
propeptide 前肽
cuticle ['kjuːtɪk(ə)l] n.角质层；表皮；护膜
pathogenesis n.发病机理
apoplastic n.非原质体的
fine-tuned adj.有调整的，微调的；有提高的 v. 调整；使有规则；对进行微调
ectopically 异位表达
cystatin 半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂
reciprocal英[rɪ'sɪprək(ə)l] adj.互惠的；相互的；倒数的，彼此相反的n. [数] 倒数；互相起作用的事物
strikingly ['straɪkɪŋli] adv.显著地，突出地，引人注目地
1. Localized control of cell death iscrucial for the resistance of plants to pathogens.
2. Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs)regulate plant defence to drive cell death and protection against biotrophicpathogens.
3. In maize (Zea mays), PLCPsare crucial in the orchestration ofsalicylic acid(SA)-dependent defence signalling.
4. Plants face a wide range of bioticthreats including viruses, bacteria, insects and fungi.
5. Further, the regulation of plantimmunity also commonlyinvolves the fine-tunedinterplay of
phytohormones such as SA, jasmonic acid(JA) and ethylene (ET).
6. Among defence-related phytohormones, SA is a key player that orchestrates responses to bothbiotic and abiotic stresses andextensive studies have
detailedthe role of SA in innate immune signaling.
7. SA signalling promotes efficient defenceactivation against biotrophic pathogens, whereas necrotrophic pathogens aresensitive to JA/ET-dependent defence signalling.
8. Together, these experiments demonstratethat Zip1 activity closely mirrors SA signalling and predictably promotesdisease caused by necrotrophic and biotrophic fungi.
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