node 特点
- 单线程
传统的java是为每个连接建一个线程,每个线程需要耗费大约2MB内存。如果需要处理大量的并发就需要大量的机器。而node只是有一个线程,当有客户端连接了,就触发一个内部事件,通过非阻塞I/O、事件驱动机制,让Node.js程序宏观上也是并行的。 - 非阻塞I/O
理论上单线程处理,在执行I/O操作时,整个线程会挂起,阻塞,等到结果返回后,才能执行后面的代码,而在node中I/O是非 阻塞的,当执行I/O时,只是把I/O丢给libuv处理,继续执行后面的代码,当某个I/O执行完毕时,将以事件的形式通知node线程,线程执行这个事件的回调函数。 - 事件驱动
客户端请求建立连接,会触发相应的事件。在Node中,在一个时刻,只能执行一个事件回调函数,但是在执行一个事件回调函数的中途,可以转而处理其他事件(比如,又有新用户连接了),然后返回继续执行原事件的回调函数,这种处理机制,称为“事件循环”。
创建一个Server
'use strict';
const http = require('http');
http.createServer(function(req, res){
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type':'text/html; charset= UTF-8; '});
res.end('Hello World!');
}).listen(8080);
➜ ~ curl 127.0.0.1:8080
Hello World!%
这就是一个最简单的helloWorld,那我们客户端请求到server是如何运行的呢?
1.http模块在node 中http模块有2个一个是http-client,一个是http-server
2.http模块是继承与net模块,net模块是继承与events
3.events只提供了 events.EventEmitter。EventEmitter 的核心就是事件触发与事件监听器功能的封装
4.此时的http就拥有了事件的监听与触发功能
实现原理
我们通过代码http.createServer方法
// http.js
function createServer(opts, requestListener) {
return new Server(opts, requestListener);
}
//http-server.js
function Server(options, requestListener) {
/*省略代码*/
if (requestListener) {
this.on('request', requestListener);
}
this.on('connection', connectionListener);
}
核心代码是注册了2个方法一个request,一个connection方法
connection 方法是在tcp的3次握手会被调用,在client-server建立连接成功之后,
function connectionListenerInternal(server, socket) {
debug('SERVER new http connection');
/**省略代码**/
parser.onIncoming = parserOnIncoming.bind(undefined, server, socket, state);
// We are consuming socket, so it won't get any actual data
socket.on('resume', onSocketResume);
socket.on('pause', onSocketPause);
// Override on to unconsume on `data`, `readable` listeners
socket.on = socketOnWrap;
// We only consume the socket if it has never been consumed before.
if (socket._handle) {
var external = socket._handle._externalStream;
if (!socket._handle._consumed && external) {
parser._consumed = true;
socket._handle._consumed = true;
parser.consume(external);
}
}
parser[kOnExecute] =
onParserExecute.bind(undefined, server, socket, parser, state);
socket._paused = false;
}
tcp建立成功,然后server就需要解析数据,生成一个req与res,同时要emit触发request方法,这样就回到了我们的http.createServer(callback)方法
function parserOnIncoming(server, socket, state, req, keepAlive) {
resetSocketTimeout(server, socket, state);
if (req.upgrade) {
req.upgrade = req.method === 'CONNECT' ||
server.listenerCount('upgrade') > 0;
if (req.upgrade)
return 2;
}
state.incoming.push(req);
// If the writable end isn't consuming, then stop reading
// so that we don't become overwhelmed by a flood of
// pipelined requests that may never be resolved.
if (!socket._paused) {
var ws = socket._writableState;
if (ws.needDrain || state.outgoingData >= socket.writableHighWaterMark) {
socket._paused = true;
// We also need to pause the parser, but don't do that until after
// the call to execute, because we may still be processing the last
// chunk.
socket.pause();
}
}
var res = new server[kServerResponse](req);
res._onPendingData = updateOutgoingData.bind(undefined, socket, state);
res.shouldKeepAlive = keepAlive;
DTRACE_HTTP_SERVER_REQUEST(req, socket);
COUNTER_HTTP_SERVER_REQUEST();
if (socket._httpMessage) {
// There are already pending outgoing res, append.
state.outgoing.push(res);
} else {
res.assignSocket(socket);
}
// When we're finished writing the response, check if this is the last
// response, if so destroy the socket.
res.on('finish',
resOnFinish.bind(undefined, req, res, socket, state, server));
if (req.headers.expect !== undefined &&
(req.httpVersionMajor === 1 && req.httpVersionMinor === 1)) {
if (continueExpression.test(req.headers.expect)) {
res._expect_continue = true;
if (server.listenerCount('checkContinue') > 0) {
server.emit('checkContinue', req, res);
} else {
res.writeContinue();
server.emit('request', req, res);
}
} else if (server.listenerCount('checkExpectation') > 0) {
server.emit('checkExpectation', req, res);
} else {
res.writeHead(417);
res.end();
}
} else {
server.emit('request', req, res);
}
return 0; // No special treatment.
}
关键代码 server.emit('request', req, res);
这样我们就监听到了客户端的请求。
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