Probability Space
Here is a set and
is a
-algebra (of subsets of
) which satisfies:
is a function satisfies:
-
is countable additive
Remark:
- the sequence of
is :
- the difference between Probability measure and general measure is
is bounded
Random variable and measurable function
A function
:
is called a random variable if for every
, the preimage
=
is an event (belongs to the sigma-field
).
Remark:
-
. If
, it is a generalized random variable(or random map).
Lebesgue's montone convergence theorem
If
is a sequence of nonnegative random variadble such that
and
a.s. Then
Remark
- Since
is montonic, it is guaranteed to exist a generalized random variable
that
a.s. It works for the situation that
is a generalized random variable
- The montone of
guarantees that
exists(maybe
)
- Proof:
-
due to
a.s.
-
by using a simple random variable
controled by
. Prove
,
is any number less than 1.
-
Fatou's lemma
If
are nonnegative random variables, then
- proof: let
.
Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem
IF
is a sequence of random variable,
a.s. and there exists an intergrable random
such that
, then
- proof: Using Fatou's lemma for
Different type of convergence
- convergence in distribution
- convergence in probability
- convergence a.s.
convergence
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