/**
* Provides a framework for implementing blocking locks and related
* synchronizers (semaphores, events, etc) that rely on
* first-in-first-out (FIFO) wait queues. This class is designed to
* be a useful basis for most kinds of synchronizers that rely on a
* single atomic int value to represent state. Subclasses
* must define the protected methods that change this state, and which
* define what that state means in terms of this object being acquired
* or released. Given these, the other methods in this class carry
* out all queuing and blocking mechanics. Subclasses can maintain
* other state fields, but only the atomically updated int
* value manipulated using methods {@link #getState}, {@link
* #setState} and {@link #compareAndSetState} is tracked with respect
* to synchronization.
*/
* +------+ prev +-----+ +-----+
* head | | <---- | | <---- | | tail
* +------+ +-----+ +-----+
在AQS中维护着一个FIFO的同步队列，当线程获取同步状态失败后，则会加入到这个CLH同步队列的对尾并一直保持着自旋。在CLH同步队列中的线程在自旋时会判断其前驱节点是否为首节点，如果为首节点则不断尝试获取同步状态，获取成功则退出CLH同步队列。当线程执行完逻辑后，会释放同步状态，释放后会唤醒其后继节点。
它维护了一个volatile int state（代表共享资源）和一个FIFO线程等待队列（多线程争用资源被阻塞时会进入此队列）。这里volatile是核心关键词，具体volatile的语义，在此不述。state的访问方式有三种:
getState()
setState()
compareAndSetState()
AQS定义两种资源共享方式：
- Exclusive（独占，只有一个线程能执行，如ReentrantLock）
- Share（共享，多个线程可同时执行，如Semaphore/CountDownLatch）
ReentrantLock的公平和非公平如何实现的呢？它内部有几个类
abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync
static final class FairSync extends Sync
对于State都是tryAcquire方法
公平锁
static final class FairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;
final void lock() {
acquire(1);
}
/**
* Fair version of tryAcquire. Don't grant access unless
* recursive call or no waiters or is first.
*/
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
if (c == 0) {
if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
}
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
int nextc = c + acquires;
if (nextc < 0)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
setState(nextc);
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
}
非公平锁
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;
/**
* Performs lock. Try immediate barge, backing up to normal
* acquire on failure.
*/
final void lock() {
if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
else
acquire(1);
}
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
}
}
/**
* Performs non-fair tryLock. tryAcquire is implemented in
* subclasses, but both need nonfair try for trylock method.
*/
final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
if (c == 0) {
if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
}
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
int nextc = c + acquires;
if (nextc < 0) // overflow
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
setState(nextc);
return true;
}
return false;
}
可以发现区别在于公平锁多了一层hasQueuedPredecessors()判断
/**
* Queries whether any threads have been waiting to acquire longer
* than the current thread.
*
* <p>An invocation of this method is equivalent to (but may be
* more efficient than):
* <pre> {@code
* getFirstQueuedThread() != Thread.currentThread() &&
* hasQueuedThreads()}</pre>
*
* <p>Note that because cancellations due to interrupts and
* timeouts may occur at any time, a {@code true} return does not
* guarantee that some other thread will acquire before the current
* thread. Likewise, it is possible for another thread to win a
* race to enqueue after this method has returned {@code false},
* due to the queue being empty.
*
* <p>This method is designed to be used by a fair synchronizer to
* avoid <a href="AbstractQueuedSynchronizer#barging">barging</a>.
* Such a synchronizer's {@link #tryAcquire} method should return
* {@code false}, and its {@link #tryAcquireShared} method should
* return a negative value, if this method returns {@code true}
* (unless this is a reentrant acquire). For example, the {@code
* tryAcquire} method for a fair, reentrant, exclusive mode
* synchronizer might look like this:
*
* <pre> {@code
* protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
* if (isHeldExclusively()) {
* // A reentrant acquire; increment hold count
* return true;
* } else if (hasQueuedPredecessors()) {
* return false;
* } else {
* // try to acquire normally
* }
* }}</pre>
*
* @return {@code true} if there is a queued thread preceding the
* current thread, and {@code false} if the current thread
* is at the head of the queue or the queue is empty
* @since 1.7
*/
public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
// The correctness of this depends on head being initialized
// before tail and on head.next being accurate if the current
// thread is first in queue.
Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order
Node h = head;
Node s;
return h != t &&
((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());
}
doc 和 代码都很清楚, 此方法判断当前线程之前是否还有其他线程在(非头结点)
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