前言：
我们讲解了初级的对称加密，我想信大家也对加密以及为什么要加密有了一定的理解，但是对称加密有一个很大的缺点就是某人要是拦截到请求之后获取密文又对你的api包进行反编译得到了加密秘钥和算法，你这个密文和明文也就么什么区别了，为了更好的解决此类问题我们伟大的先辈们又提出了一种新的概念RSA非对称加密。
RSA非对称加密介绍：
-
RSA加密是一种非对称加密方式(以下内容摘自--百度百科)
1.A要向B发送信息，A和B都要产生一对用于加密和解密的公钥和私钥。
2.A的私钥保密，A的公钥告诉B；B的私钥保密，B的公钥告诉A。
3.A要给B发送信息时，A用B的公钥加密信息，因为A知道B的公钥。
4.A将这个消息发给B（已经用B的公钥加密消息）。
5.B收到这个消息后，B用自己的私钥解密A的消息。其他所有收到这个报文的人都无法解密，因为只有B才有B的私钥。
其实我第一次看上面这段内容以及试图去理解RSA非对称加密的时候真是想骂人的，后来我忍住了，多读了几遍不行我又抄了几遍功夫不负有心人终于是理解了。其他都是废话，我来一步一步给大家实现。
第一步(生成私钥和公钥文件):
我使用的是MAC，上面自带了OpenSSL，当然我删除了，又用HomeBrew安装了一个较新的版本。又看了下Linux上也自带了openssl，windows上没有，可以去官网下载安装
1.终端输入openssl，进入openssl状态
2.生成一个1024位的私钥：genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
3.利用私钥生成JAVA支持的PKCS8类型的私钥：pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out pkcs8_private_key.pem
4.生成JAVA支持的PKCS8二进制类型的私钥：pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform DER -nocrypt -out pkcs8_private_key.der
5.生成公钥：rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
6.生成iOS支持的der证书，其间用到了证书请求和自签署根证书
6.1.创建证书请求：req -new -out cert.csr -key rsa_private_key.pem （其间会要求填写国家地区公司信息等，随便填写OR认真填写都不影响证书使用）
6.2.创建X509的自签署跟证书（iOS支持X509，有效期3650天）：x509 -req -in cert.csr -out rsa_public_key.der -outform der -signkey rsa_private_key.pem -days 3650
完成了以上的步骤后应该在你所在的目录下生成了6个文件
1416859-d09524d24befc11e.png
第二步(代码的封装):
新建RSAEncryptor继承NSObject
RSAEncryptor.h实现:
/**
* 加密方法
*
* @param str 需要加密的字符串
* @param path '.der'格式的公钥文件路径
* @param Base64 是否编码为Base64
*/
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path isBase64:(BOOL)Base64;
/**
* 解密方法
*
* @param str 需要解密的字符串
* @param path '.p12'格式的私钥文件路径
* @param password 私钥文件密码
* @param Base64 是否编码为Base64
*/
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path password:(NSString *)password isBase64:(BOOL)Base64;
/**
* 加密方法
*
* @param str 需要加密的字符串
* @param pubKey 公钥字符串
* @param Base64 是否编码为Base64
*/
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey isBase64:(BOOL)Base64;
/**
* 解密方法
*
* @param str 需要解密的字符串
* @param privKey 私钥字符串
* @param Base64 是否编码为Base64
*/
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey isBase64:(BOOL)Base64;
RSAEncryptor.m实现:
#pragma mark - 64位编码 -加密
static NSString *base64_encode_data(NSData *data){
data = [data base64EncodedDataWithOptions:0];
NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return ret;
}
#pragma mark - 64位编码 -解密
static NSData *base64_decode(NSString *str){
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
return data;
}
#pragma mark - 16位编码 -加密
+ (NSString *)dataTohexString:(NSData*)data
{
Byte *bytes = (Byte *)[data bytes];
NSString *hexStr=@"";
for(int i=0;i<[data length];i++)
{
NSString *newHexStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%x",bytes[i]&0xff];//16进制数
if([newHexStr length]==1)
hexStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@0%@",hexStr,newHexStr];
else
hexStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@",hexStr,newHexStr];
}
return hexStr;
}
#pragma mark - 16位编码 -解密
+ (NSData*)hexStringToData:(NSString*)hexString
{
int j=0;
Byte bytes[hexString.length]; ///3ds key的Byte 数组， 128位
for(int i=0;i<[hexString length];i++)
{
int int_ch; /// 两位16进制数转化后的10进制数
unichar hex_char1 = [hexString characterAtIndex:i]; ////两位16进制数中的第一位(高位*16)
int int_ch1;
if(hex_char1 >= '0' && hex_char1 <='9')
int_ch1 = (hex_char1-48)*16; //// 0 的Ascll - 48
else if(hex_char1 >= 'A' && hex_char1 <='F')
int_ch1 = (hex_char1-55)*16; //// A 的Ascll - 65
else
int_ch1 = (hex_char1-87)*16; //// a 的Ascll - 97
i++;
unichar hex_char2 = [hexString characterAtIndex:i]; ///两位16进制数中的第二位(低位)
int int_ch2;
if(hex_char2 >= '0' && hex_char2 <='9')
int_ch2 = (hex_char2-48); //// 0 的Ascll - 48
else if(hex_char1 >= 'A' && hex_char1 <='F')
int_ch2 = hex_char2-55; //// A 的Ascll - 65
else
int_ch2 = hex_char2-87; //// a 的Ascll - 97
int_ch = int_ch1+int_ch2;
//NSLog(@"int_ch=%x",int_ch);
bytes[j] = int_ch; ///将转化后的数放入Byte数组里
j++;
}
// NSData *newData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:bytes length:j];
NSData *newData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:bytes length:j];
//NSLog(@"newData=%@",newData);
return newData;
}
#pragma mark - 使用'.der'公钥文件加密
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path isBase64: (BOOL)Base64{
if (!str || !path) return nil;
return [self encryptString:str publicKeyRef:[self getPublicKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:path] isBase64:Base64];
}
//获取公钥
+ (SecKeyRef)getPublicKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)filePath{
NSData *certData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
if (!certData) {
return nil;
}
SecCertificateRef cert = SecCertificateCreateWithData(NULL, (CFDataRef)certData);
SecKeyRef key = NULL;
SecTrustRef trust = NULL;
SecPolicyRef policy = NULL;
if (cert != NULL) {
policy = SecPolicyCreateBasicX509();
if (policy) {
if (SecTrustCreateWithCertificates((CFTypeRef)cert, policy, &trust) == noErr) {
SecTrustResultType result;
if (SecTrustEvaluate(trust, &result) == noErr) {
key = SecTrustCopyPublicKey(trust);
}
}
}
}
if (policy) CFRelease(policy);
if (trust) CFRelease(trust);
if (cert) CFRelease(cert);
return key;
}
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKeyRef:(SecKeyRef)publicKeyRef isBase64:(BOOL)Base64{
if(![str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]){
return nil;
}
if(!publicKeyRef){
return nil;
}
NSData *data = [self encryptData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] withKeyRef:publicKeyRef];
NSString *ret = nil;
if (Base64) {
//64位编码
ret = base64_encode_data(data);
}else{
//16位编码
ret = [self dataTohexString:data];
}
return ret;
}
#pragma mark - 使用'.12'私钥文件解密
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path password:(NSString *)password isBase64:(BOOL)Base64{
if (!str || !path) return nil;
if (!password) password = @"";
return [self decryptString:str privateKeyRef:[self getPrivateKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:path password:password] isBase64:Base64];
}
//获取私钥
+ (SecKeyRef)getPrivateKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)filePath password:(NSString*)password{
NSData *p12Data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
if (!p12Data) {
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef privateKeyRef = NULL;
NSMutableDictionary * options = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
[options setObject: password forKey:(__bridge id)kSecImportExportPassphrase];
CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
OSStatus securityError = SecPKCS12Import((__bridge CFDataRef) p12Data, (__bridge CFDictionaryRef)options, &items);
if (securityError == noErr && CFArrayGetCount(items) > 0) {
CFDictionaryRef identityDict = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items, 0);
SecIdentityRef identityApp = (SecIdentityRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(identityDict, kSecImportItemIdentity);
securityError = SecIdentityCopyPrivateKey(identityApp, &privateKeyRef);
if (securityError != noErr) {
privateKeyRef = NULL;
}
}
CFRelease(items);
return privateKeyRef;
}
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKeyRef:(SecKeyRef)privKeyRef isBase64:(BOOL)Base64{
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
if (!privKeyRef) {
return nil;
}
if (Base64) {
//64位编码
data = [self decryptData:data withKeyRef:privKeyRef];
}else{
//16位编码
data = [self decryptData:[self hexStringToData:str] withKeyRef:privKeyRef];
}
NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return ret;
}
#pragma mark - 使用公钥字符串加密
/* START: Encryption with RSA public key */
//使用公钥字符串加密
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey isBase64:(BOOL)Base64{
NSData *data = [self encryptData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] publicKey:pubKey];
NSString * ret = nil;
if (Base64) {
//64位编码
ret = base64_encode_data(data);
}else{
//16位编码
ret = [self dataTohexString:data];
}
return ret;
}
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
if(!data || !pubKey){
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef keyRef = [self addPublicKey:pubKey];
if(!keyRef){
return nil;
}
return [self encryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}
+ (SecKeyRef)addPublicKey:(NSString *)key{
NSRange spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"];
NSRange epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"];
if(spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){
NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;
NSUInteger e = epos.location;
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e-s);
key = [key substringWithRange:range];
}
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
// This will be base64 encoded, decode it.
NSData *data = base64_decode(key);
data = [self stripPublicKeyHeader:data];
if(!data){
return nil;
}
//a tag to read/write keychain storage
NSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PubKey";
NSData *d_tag = [NSData dataWithBytes:[tag UTF8String] length:[tag length]];
// Delete any old lingering key with the same tag
NSMutableDictionary *publicKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
[publicKey setObject:d_tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey);
// Add persistent version of the key to system keychain
[publicKey setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPublic forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecAttrKeyClass];
[publicKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecReturnPersistentRef];
CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey, &persistKey);
if (persistKey != nil){
CFRelease(persistKey);
}
if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem)) {
return nil;
}
[publicKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[publicKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
[publicKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
// Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the key
SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
status = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
if(status != noErr){
return nil;
}
return keyRef;
}
+ (NSData *)stripPublicKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key{
// Skip ASN.1 public key header
if (d_key == nil) return(nil);
unsigned long len = [d_key length];
if (!len) return(nil);
unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];
unsigned int idx = 0;
if (c_key[idx++] != 0x30) return(nil);
if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
else idx++;
// PKCS #1 rsaEncryption szOID_RSA_RSA
static unsigned char seqiod[] =
{ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };
if (memcmp(&c_key[idx], seqiod, 15)) return(nil);
idx += 15;
if (c_key[idx++] != 0x03) return(nil);
if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
else idx++;
if (c_key[idx++] != '\0') return(nil);
// Now make a new NSData from this buffer
return ([NSData dataWithBytes:&c_key[idx] length:len - idx]);
}
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef) keyRef{
const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
void *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
size_t src_block_size = block_size - 11;
NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
for(int idx=0; idx<srclen; idx+=src_block_size){
//NSLog(@"%d/%d block_size: %d", idx, (int)srclen, (int)block_size);
size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
if(data_len > src_block_size){
data_len = src_block_size;
}
size_t outlen = block_size;
OSStatus status = noErr;
status = SecKeyEncrypt(keyRef,
kSecPaddingPKCS1,
srcbuf + idx,
data_len,
outbuf,
&outlen
);
if (status != 0) {
NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", status);
ret = nil;
break;
}else{
[ret appendBytes:outbuf length:outlen];
}
}
free(outbuf);
CFRelease(keyRef);
return ret;
}
/* END: Encryption with RSA public key */
#pragma mark - 使用私钥字符串解密
/* START: Decryption with RSA private key */
//使用私钥字符串解密
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey isBase64:(BOOL)Base64{
if (!str) return nil;
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
data = [self decryptData:data privateKey:privKey isBase64:Base64];
NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return ret;
}
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey isBase64:(BOOL)Base64{
if(!data || !privKey){
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef keyRef = [self addPrivateKey:privKey];
if(!keyRef){
return nil;
}
if (Base64) {
//64位编码
data = [self decryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}else{
//16位编码
data = [self decryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}
return data;
}
+ (SecKeyRef)addPrivateKey:(NSString *)key{
NSRange spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];
NSRange epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];
if(spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){
NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;
NSUInteger e = epos.location;
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e-s);
key = [key substringWithRange:range];
}
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
// This will be base64 encoded, decode it.
NSData *data = base64_decode(key);
data = [self stripPrivateKeyHeader:data];
if(!data){
return nil;
}
//a tag to read/write keychain storage
NSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PrivKey";
NSData *d_tag = [NSData dataWithBytes:[tag UTF8String] length:[tag length]];
// Delete any old lingering key with the same tag
NSMutableDictionary *privateKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
[privateKey setObject:d_tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey);
// Add persistent version of the key to system keychain
[privateKey setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecAttrKeyClass];
[privateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecReturnPersistentRef];
CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey, &persistKey);
if (persistKey != nil){
CFRelease(persistKey);
}
if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem)) {
return nil;
}
[privateKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[privateKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
[privateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
// Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the key
SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
status = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
if(status != noErr){
return nil;
}
return keyRef;
}
+ (NSData *)stripPrivateKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key{
// Skip ASN.1 private key header
if (d_key == nil) return(nil);
unsigned long len = [d_key length];
if (!len) return(nil);
unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];
unsigned int idx = 22; //magic byte at offset 22
if (0x04 != c_key[idx++]) return nil;
//calculate length of the key
unsigned int c_len = c_key[idx++];
int det = c_len & 0x80;
if (!det) {
c_len = c_len & 0x7f;
} else {
int byteCount = c_len & 0x7f;
if (byteCount + idx > len) {
//rsa length field longer than buffer
return nil;
}
unsigned int accum = 0;
unsigned char *ptr = &c_key[idx];
idx += byteCount;
while (byteCount) {
accum = (accum << 8) + *ptr;
ptr++;
byteCount--;
}
c_len = accum;
}
// Now make a new NSData from this buffer
return [d_key subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(idx, c_len)];
}
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef) keyRef{
const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
UInt8 *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
size_t src_block_size = block_size;
NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
for(int idx=0; idx<srclen; idx+=src_block_size){
//NSLog(@"%d/%d block_size: %d", idx, (int)srclen, (int)block_size);
size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
if(data_len > src_block_size){
data_len = src_block_size;
}
size_t outlen = block_size;
OSStatus status = noErr;
status = SecKeyDecrypt(keyRef,
kSecPaddingNone,
srcbuf + idx,
data_len,
outbuf,
&outlen
);
if (status != 0) {
NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", status);
ret = nil;
break;
}else{
//the actual decrypted data is in the middle, locate it!
int idxFirstZero = -1;
int idxNextZero = (int)outlen;
for ( int i = 0; i < outlen; i++ ) {
if ( outbuf[i] == 0 ) {
if ( idxFirstZero < 0 ) {
idxFirstZero = i;
} else {
idxNextZero = i;
break;
}
}
}
[ret appendBytes:&outbuf[idxFirstZero+1] length:idxNextZero-idxFirstZero-1];
}
}
free(outbuf);
CFRelease(keyRef);
return ret;
}
- 上面代码我进行了简单的封装,基本实现功能：
1.公钥文件加密
2.私钥文件解密
3.公钥字符串加密
4.私钥字符串解密 - 以上加密解密编码格式有Base64和16位编码，按照需求传入参数便可;但是千万注意，采用那种编码之后的密文就用什么编码解密。
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