美文网首页flutter
Flutter 详解(八、深入了解布局)

Flutter 详解(八、深入了解布局)

作者: _兜兜转转_ | 来源:发表于2020-09-02 10:34 被阅读0次

    WidgetElementRenderObject 三者之间的关系在<<六、深入了解绘制原理>>已经讲解过,其中我们最为熟知的 Widget ,究竟是通过什么样的方式来实现代码搭积木实现建造房子呢?

    单子元素布局--SingleChildRenderObjectWidget

    Container

    Container是继承StatelessWidget,那么build是构建布局关键函数,在Container中build中,掺杂了很多其他的部件,AlignPaddingColoredBoxDecorateBoxTransform...等等,每个关于布局或者样式的属性,最后都被转化成其他的box来呈现。看下官方源码:

    @override
    Widget build(BuildContext context) {
      Widget current = child;
    
      if (child == null && (constraints == null || !constraints.isTight)) {
        current = LimitedBox(
          maxWidth: 0.0,
          maxHeight: 0.0,
          child: ConstrainedBox(constraints: const BoxConstraints.expand()),
        );
      }
    /// 封装 Align
      if (alignment != null)
        current = Align(alignment: alignment, child: current);
    
      final EdgeInsetsGeometry effectivePadding = _paddingIncludingDecoration;
      if (effectivePadding != null)
      /// 封装 Padding
        current = Padding(padding: effectivePadding, child: current);
    
      if (color != null)
        /// 封装 ColoredBox
        current = ColoredBox(color: color, child: current);
    /// 封装DecoratedBox
      if (decoration != null)
        current = DecoratedBox(decoration: decoration, child: current);
    /// 封装 DecoratedBox
      if (foregroundDecoration != null) {
        current = DecoratedBox(
          decoration: foregroundDecoration,
          position: DecorationPosition.foreground,
          child: current,
        );
      }
    /// 封装 ConstrainedBox
      if (constraints != null)
        current = ConstrainedBox(constraints: constraints, child: current);
    /// 封装 Padding
      if (margin != null)
        current = Padding(padding: margin, child: current);
    /// 封装 Transform
      if (transform != null)
        current = Transform(transform: transform, child: current);
    /// 封装 ClipPath
      if (clipBehavior != Clip.none) {
        current = ClipPath(
          clipper: _DecorationClipper(
            textDirection: Directionality.of(context),
            decoration: decoration
          ),
          clipBehavior: clipBehavior,
          child: current,
        );
      }
      return current;
    }
    

    Padding/Transform/ConstraineBox...都是继承SingleChildRenderObjectWidget,通过SingleChildRenderObjectWidget实现的布局。

    Padding通过创建渲染实例RenderPadding,在更新实例的时候,更新该实例的属性。Align通过创建RenderPositionedBox来实现渲染实例,其他的如下表所示:

    部件 渲染对象
    Padding RenderPadding
    Align RenderPositionedBox
    ColoredBox _RenderColoredBox
    DecoratedBox RenderDecoratedBox
    ConstrainedBox RenderConstrainedBox
    Transform RenderTransform
    ClipPath RenderClipPath

    ...

    他们有一个共同点都是继承SingleChildRenderObjectWidget,而createRenderObject返回了不同的渲染对象RenderBox,RenderBox最终实现位置偏移和大小,都是通过RenderBox来实现的,所以找每个组件的RenderBox的实现就可以看到他们是怎么布局的。

    Padding是一个继承RenderPaddingRenderPadding继承了RenderShiftedBox,RenderShiftedBox继承了RenderBox,那么我们就拿Padding举例子讲解下。

    RenderShiftedBox实现了获取组件的宽度和高度,子组件为空,则返回0.0,这里实现了computeMinIntrinsicWidthcomputeMaxIntrinsicWidthcomputeMinIntrinsicHeightcomputeMaxIntrinsicHeight和最终绘画函数paint(PaintingContext context, Offset offset),把UI绘画出来。

    abstract class RenderShiftedBox extends RenderBox with RenderObjectWithChildMixin<RenderBox> {
      /// Initializes the [child] property for subclasses.
      RenderShiftedBox(RenderBox child) {
        this.child = child;
      }
    
      @override
      double computeMinIntrinsicWidth(double height) {
        if (child != null)
          return child.getMinIntrinsicWidth(height);
        return 0.0;
      }
    
      @override
      double computeMaxIntrinsicWidth(double height) {
        if (child != null)
          return child.getMaxIntrinsicWidth(height);
        return 0.0;
      }
    
      @override
      double computeMinIntrinsicHeight(double width) {
        if (child != null)
          return child.getMinIntrinsicHeight(width);
        return 0.0;
      }
    
      @override
      double computeMaxIntrinsicHeight(double width) {
        if (child != null)
          return child.getMaxIntrinsicHeight(width);
        return 0.0;
      }
    
      @override
      double computeDistanceToActualBaseline(TextBaseline baseline) {
        double result;
        if (child != null) {
          assert(!debugNeedsLayout);
          result = child.getDistanceToActualBaseline(baseline);
          final BoxParentData childParentData = child.parentData as BoxParentData;
          if (result != null)
            result += childParentData.offset.dy;
        } else {
          result = super.computeDistanceToActualBaseline(baseline);
        }
        return result;
      }
    
      @override
      void paint(PaintingContext context, Offset offset) {
        if (child != null) {
          final BoxParentData childParentData = child.parentData as BoxParentData;
          context.paintChild(child, childParentData.offset + offset);
        }
      }
    
      @override
      bool hitTestChildren(BoxHitTestResult result, { Offset position }) {
        if (child != null) {
          final BoxParentData childParentData = child.parentData as BoxParentData;
          return result.addWithPaintOffset(
            offset: childParentData.offset,
            position: position,
            hitTest: (BoxHitTestResult result, Offset transformed) {
              assert(transformed == position - childParentData.offset);
              return child.hitTest(result, position: transformed);
            },
          );
        }
        return false;
      }
    
    }
    

    我们通过Padding来看下源码如何实现布局的:

      @override
      double computeMinIntrinsicWidth(double height) {
        _resolve();
        final double totalHorizontalPadding = _resolvedPadding.left + _resolvedPadding.right;
        final double totalVerticalPadding = _resolvedPadding.top + _resolvedPadding.bottom;
        if (child != null) // next line relies on double.infinity absorption
          return child.getMinIntrinsicWidth(math.max(0.0, height - totalVerticalPadding)) + totalHorizontalPadding;
        return totalHorizontalPadding;
      }
    

    这里通过getMinIntrinsicWidth()来获取最小宽度。

    
    @override
    double computeMaxIntrinsicWidth(double height) {
    _resolve();
    final double totalHorizontalPadding = _resolvedPadding.left + _resolvedPadding.right;
    final double totalVerticalPadding = _resolvedPadding.top + _resolvedPadding.bottom;
    if (child != null) // next line relies on double.infinity absorption
      return child.getMaxIntrinsicWidth(math.max(0.0, height - totalVerticalPadding)) + totalHorizontalPadding;
    return totalHorizontalPadding;
    }
    

    通过getMaxIntrinsicWidth获获得最大宽度,通过computeMaxIntrinsicHeight获取最大高度,通过computeMinIntrinsicHeight最小高度,当高度和宽度都计算了之后,然后进行布局。

    那么作为开发者可以自己通过RenderBox来实现一个新的布局组件吗?当然是可以的,只要你觉得有必要的话。否则官方提供的布局组件足够满足我们的使用了。

    其实官方已提供一个抽象接口SingleChildLayoutDelegate,让开发者自己实现一个布局。

    abstract class SingleChildLayoutDelegate {
     
    /// 监听
     final Listenable _relayout;
      /// 获取大小
     Size getSize(BoxConstraints constraints) => constraints.biggest;
    /// 获取子部件的约束
     BoxConstraints getConstraintsForChild(BoxConstraints constraints) => constraints;
    /// 获取子部件的位置
     Offset getPositionForChild(Size size, Size childSize) => Offset.zero;
    
    /// 是否需要更新
     bool shouldRelayout(covariant SingleChildLayoutDelegate oldDelegate);
    }
    

    多子元素 MultiChildRenderObjectWidget

    多子元素和单子元素基本一致,RowColumn继承了FlexFlex继承了MultiChildRenderObjectWidget,MultiChildRenderObjectWidget中的RenderFlex通过继承RenderBox来实现的布局样式。

    部件 渲染对象
    Column、Row、Flex RenderFlex
    Stack RenderStack
    Flow RenderFlow
    Wrap RenderWrap

    同样的 多子元素也提供了供开发者自己实现布局的抽象接口CustomMultiChildLayoutMultiChildLayoutDelegate.

    滑动 多子布局

    滑动布局也是多子布局的一种,如各种ListViewGridViewCustomview他们在实现过程很复杂,从下面的一个流程我们可以大致了解他们的关系。

    image

    由上图我们可以知道,最终会产生两个渲染对象RenderObject

    并且从 RenderViewport的说明我们了解到,RenderViewport内部是不能直接放置 RenderBox,需要通过 RenderSliver让大家族来完成布局。而从源码可以了解到:RenderViewport 对应的 Widget Viewport 就是一个 MultiChildRenderObjectWidget

    再稍微说下上图的流程:

    ListView、Pageview、GridView 等都是通过 ScrollableViewPortSliver大家族实现的效果。这里简单总结下就是:一个“可滑动”的控件,嵌套了一个“视觉窗口”,然后内部通过“碎片”展示 children
    不同的是 PageView 没有继承 SrollView,而是直接通过 NotificationListenerScrollNotification 嵌套实现。

    官方同样提供的自定义滑动 CustomScrollView,它继承了 ScrollView,可通过 slivers 参数实现子控件布局, slivers 是通过 ScrollablebuildViewport 添加到 ViewPort 中,如下代码所示:

    CustomScrollView(
        slivers: <Widget>[
          SliverList(
            delegate: SliverChildBuilderDelegate((context, index) {
              return Text('$index');
            }, childCount: 10),
          ),
          SliverGrid(
            gridDelegate: SliverGridDelegateWithFixedCrossAxisCount(
              crossAxisCount: 3,
              crossAxisSpacing: 10,
              mainAxisSpacing: 10,
            ),
            delegate: SliverChildBuilderDelegate((context, index) {
              return Text('$index');
            }, childCount: 12),
          )
        ],
      )
    

    文章汇总

    Dart 异步与多线程

    Flutter 详解(一、深入了解状态管理--ScopeModel

    Flutter 详解(二、深入了解状态管理--Redux)

    Flutter 详解(三、深入了解状态管理--Provider)

    Flutter 详解(四、深入了解状态管理--BLoC)

    Flutter 详解 (五、深入了解--Key)

    Flutter 详解 (六、深入了解--Stream

    Flutter 详解(七、深入了解绘制原理

    Flutter 详解(八、深入了解布局)

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:Flutter 详解(八、深入了解布局)

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/mdvisktx.html