1.简介
项目是一个简单的权限管理页面,分为3个页面,
首页,账户中心,登录页
通过vue-router 对于路由做权限控制,
首页无需登录,跳转账户中心会自动检索是否登录,
登录之后首页的登录按钮变为退出按钮,
页面之间的的状态管理全部通过vuex进行管理
项目演示
项目用到的技术栈:
- vue
- vue-router
- vuex
- webpack
- axios
- eslint
- less
基础环境
node : v8.2.1
npm : 5.3.0
注:如果项目install有问题,可把对应环境配置成上面相关的环境在尝试
项目运行
$ npm install
$ npm run dev
2.目录结构
├── README.md 项目介绍
├── index.html 入口页面
├── build 构建脚本目录
│ ├── webpack.base.conf.js webpack基础配置,开发环境,生产环境都依赖
│ ├── webpack.dev.conf.js webpack开发环境配置
│ ├── webpack.prod.conf.js webpack生产环境配置
│ ├── build.js 生产环境构建脚本
│ ├── dev-server.js 开发服务器热重载脚本，主要用来实现开发阶段的页面自动刷新
│ ├── utils.js 构建相关工具方法
├── config 项目配置
│ ├── dev.env.js 开发环境变量
│ ├── index.js 项目配置文件
│ ├── prod.env.js 生产环境变量
├── src 源码目录
│ ├── main.js 入口文件
│ ├── config 入口相关配置文件
│ ├── app.vue 根组件
│ ├── components 公共组件目录
│ │ └── base 基础组件
│ │ └── layouts 布局组件
│ │ └──header 头部组件
│ │ └──index.vue
│ │ └──index.less
│ ├── styles 样式资源
│ │ └── index.less 样式入口
│ │ └── var.less 变量
│ │ └── reset.less 重置样式
│ │ └── common.less 公共样式
│ ├── images 图片资源
│ │ └── auth 验证模块图片
│ ├── pages 页面目录
│ │ └── auth 验证模块
│ │ └── login 登录文件
│ │ └── index.vue 登录页
│ │ └── index.less 登录页样式
│ ├── routes 路由目录
│ │ └── auth 验证模块
│ │ └── index.js 验证模块入口
│ │ └── index 所有模块汇总
│ ├── store 应用级数据（state）
│ │ └── index.js 所有模块数据汇总
│ │ └── auth 验证相关数据模块
│ │ └── index.js 验证模块入口
│ │ └── mutation-types.js 类型
│ │ └── actions.js actions
│ │ └── mutations.js mutations
│ │ └── getters.js getters
│ │ └── state.js 默认状态
│ ├── services 接口api定义
├── .eslintrc.js eslint规则配置
├── package.json
大概解释一下目录结构
项目是以模块化去划分页面,
建议在拿到需求的时候,根据模块划分好页面,
定义好模块名称,建议pages,images,routes目录,模块名保持一致,
pages目录里面是模块文件,模块文件里面是页面文件,
页面文件包含实现还有样式文件
styles目录里面放一些公共样式,最后通过index.less导出,在入口文件引入
components目录里面放几个模块,可以大致分为base基础组件,
layouts布局组件,bussiness业务组件,然后在对应模块下面写上对应的组件实现
3.配置文件
package.json里面的配置
"dev": "node build/dev-server.js",
"build": "node build/build.js",
3.1开发环境启动 dev-server.js
dev-server.js的实现
require('./check-versions')()
var config = require('../config')
if (!process.env.NODE_ENV) {
process.env.NODE_ENV = JSON.parse(config.dev.env.NODE_ENV)
}
var opn = require('opn')
var path = require('path')
var express = require('express')
var webpack = require('webpack')
var proxyMiddleware = require('http-proxy-middleware')
var webpackConfig = require('./webpack.dev.conf')
// default port where dev server listens for incoming traffic
var port = process.env.PORT || config.dev.port
// automatically open browser, if not set will be false
var autoOpenBrowser = !!config.dev.autoOpenBrowser
// Define HTTP proxies to your custom API backend
// https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware
var proxyTable = config.dev.proxyTable
var app = express()
var compiler = webpack(webpackConfig)
var devMiddleware = require('webpack-dev-middleware')(compiler, {
publicPath: webpackConfig.output.publicPath,
quiet: true
})
var hotMiddleware = require('webpack-hot-middleware')(compiler, {
log: () => {
}
})
// force page reload when html-webpack-plugin template changes
compiler.plugin('compilation', function (compilation) {
compilation.plugin('html-webpack-plugin-after-emit', function (data, cb) {
hotMiddleware.publish({ action: 'reload' })
cb()
})
})
// proxy api requests
Object.keys(proxyTable).forEach(function (context) {
var options = proxyTable[context]
if (typeof options === 'string') {
options = { target: options }
}
app.use(proxyMiddleware(options.filter || context, options))
})
// handle fallback for HTML5 history API
app.use(require('connect-history-api-fallback')())
// serve webpack bundle output
app.use(devMiddleware)
// enable hot-reload and state-preserving
// compilation error display
app.use(hotMiddleware)
// serve pure static assets
var staticPath = path.posix.join(config.dev.assetsPublicPath, config.dev.assetsSubDirectory)
app.use(staticPath, express.static('./static'))
var uri = 'http://localhost:' + port
var _resolve
var readyPromise = new Promise(resolve => {
_resolve = resolve
})
console.log('> Starting dev server...')
devMiddleware.waitUntilValid(() => {
console.log('> Listening at ' + uri + '\n')
// when env is testing, don't need open it
if (autoOpenBrowser && process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'testing') {
opn(uri)
}
_resolve()
})
var server = app.listen(port)
module.exports = {
ready: readyPromise,
close: () => {
server.close()
}
}
dev-server.js依赖了webpack.dev.conf.js配置文件
配置文件分为webpack.base.conf.js基础配置
还有webpack.dev.conf.js开发环境的配置
还有webpack.prod.conf.js生产环境的配置
贴一段base的基础配置
var path = require('path')
var utils = require('./utils')
var config = require('../config')
var vueLoaderConfig = require('./vue-loader.conf')
function resolve(dir) {
return path.join(__dirname, '..', dir)
}
module.exports = {
entry: {
app: ['babel-polyfill', './src/main.js']
},
output: {
path: config.build.assetsRoot,
filename: '[name].js',
publicPath: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? config.build.assetsPublicPath
: config.dev.assetsPublicPath
},
resolve: {
extensions: ['.js', '.vue', '.json'],
alias: {
'@': resolve('src'),
'~component': resolve('src/components'),
}
},
module: {
rules: [
// eslint检查配置 不需要可以注释
{
test: /\.(js|vue)$/,
loader: 'eslint-loader',
enforce: 'pre',
include: [resolve('src'), resolve('test')],
options: {
formatter: require('eslint-friendly-formatter')
}
},
{
test: /\.vue$/,
loader: 'vue-loader',
options: vueLoaderConfig
},
{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
include: [resolve('src'), resolve('test')]
},
{
test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('img/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
{
test: /\.(woff2?|eot|ttf|otf)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('fonts/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
}
]
},
plugins: [
]
}
上面的配置依赖于config目录的一些配置,
config目录分为prod.evn.js生产环境的变量,dev.env.js 开发环境的变量,
比如api接口的地址就可以在这边配置,根据开发环境还有生产环境分别配置不同的接口地址
config入口文件的实现
// see http://vuejs-templates.github.io/webpack for documentation.
var path = require('path')
module.exports = {
build: {
env: require('./prod.env'),
index: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist/index.html'),
assetsRoot: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
assetsPublicPath: './',
productionSourceMap: true,
// Gzip off by default as many popular static hosts such as
// Surge or Netlify already gzip all static assets for you.
// Before setting to `true`, make sure to:
// npm install --save-dev compression-webpack-plugin
productionGzip: false,
productionGzipExtensions: ['js', 'css'],
// Run the build command with an extra argument to
// View the bundle analyzer report after build finishes:
// `npm run build --report`
// Set to `true` or `false` to always turn it on or off
bundleAnalyzerReport: process.env.npm_config_report
},
dev: {
env: require('./dev.env'),
port: 8080,
autoOpenBrowser: true,
assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
assetsPublicPath: '/',
proxyTable: {},
// CSS Sourcemaps off by default because relative paths are "buggy"
// with this option, according to the CSS-Loader README
// (https://github.com/webpack/css-loader#sourcemaps)
// In our experience, they generally work as expected,
// just be aware of this issue when enabling this option.
cssSourceMap: false
}
}
入口文件根据环境的不同,分别做了一些不同的配置
贴一段dev的配置
var utils = require('./utils')
var webpack = require('webpack')
var config = require('../config')
var merge = require('webpack-merge')
var baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf')
var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
var FriendlyErrorsPlugin = require('friendly-errors-webpack-plugin')
// add hot-reload related code to entry chunks
Object.keys(baseWebpackConfig.entry).forEach(function (name) {
baseWebpackConfig.entry[name] = ['./build/dev-client'].concat(baseWebpackConfig.entry[name])
})
module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
module: {
rules: utils.styleLoaders({ sourceMap: config.dev.cssSourceMap })
},
// cheap-module-eval-source-map is faster for development
devtool: '#cheap-module-eval-source-map',
plugins: [
new webpack.DefinePlugin({
'process.env': config.dev.env
}),
// https://github.com/glenjamin/webpack-hot-middleware#installation--usage
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),
new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin(),
// https://github.com/ampedandwired/html-webpack-plugin
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
filename: 'index.html',
template: 'index.html',
inject: true
}),
new FriendlyErrorsPlugin()
]
})
3.2生产环境启动 build.js
build.js的实现
require('./check-versions')()
process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production'
var ora = require('ora')
var rm = require('rimraf')
var path = require('path')
var chalk = require('chalk')
var webpack = require('webpack')
var config = require('../config')
var webpackConfig = require('./webpack.prod.conf')
var spinner = ora('building for production...')
spinner.start()
rm(path.join(config.build.assetsRoot, config.build.assetsSubDirectory), err => {
if (err) throw err
webpack(webpackConfig, function (err, stats) {
spinner.stop()
if (err) throw err
process.stdout.write(stats.toString({
colors: true,
modules: false,
children: false,
chunks: false,
chunkModules: false
}) + '\n\n')
console.log(chalk.cyan(' Build complete.\n'))
console.log(chalk.yellow(
' Tip: built files are meant to be served over an HTTP server.\n' +
' Opening index.html over file:// won\'t work.\n'
))
})
})
build引入了webpack.prod.conf,下面贴一段实现prod的实现
var path = require('path')
var utils = require('./utils')
var webpack = require('webpack')
var config = require('../config')
var merge = require('webpack-merge')
var baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf')
var CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin')
var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
var ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin')
var OptimizeCSSPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin')
var env = config.build.env
var webpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
module: {
rules: utils.styleLoaders({
sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap,
extract: true
})
},
devtool: config.build.productionSourceMap ? '#source-map' : false,
output: {
path: config.build.assetsRoot,
filename: utils.assetsPath('js/[name].[chunkhash].js'),
chunkFilename: utils.assetsPath('js/[id].[chunkhash].js')
},
plugins: [
// http://vuejs.github.io/vue-loader/en/workflow/production.html
new webpack.DefinePlugin({
'process.env': env
}),
new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin({
compress: {
warnings: false
},
sourceMap: true
}),
// extract css into its own file
new ExtractTextPlugin({
filename: utils.assetsPath('css/[name].[contenthash].css')
}),
// Compress extracted CSS. We are using this plugin so that possible
// duplicated CSS from different components can be deduped.
new OptimizeCSSPlugin({
cssProcessorOptions: {
safe: true
}
}),
// generate dist index.html with correct asset hash for caching.
// you can customize output by editing /index.html
// see https://github.com/ampedandwired/html-webpack-plugin
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
filename: config.build.index,
template: 'index.html',
inject: true,
minify: {
removeComments: true,
collapseWhitespace: true,
removeAttributeQuotes: true
// more options:
// https://github.com/kangax/html-minifier#options-quick-reference
},
// necessary to consistently work with multiple chunks via CommonsChunkPlugin
chunksSortMode: 'dependency'
}),
// split vendor js into its own file
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
name: 'vendor',
minChunks: function (module, count) {
// any required modules inside node_modules are extracted to vendor
return (
module.resource &&
/\.js$/.test(module.resource) &&
module.resource.indexOf(
path.join(__dirname, '../node_modules')
) === 0
)
}
}),
// extract webpack runtime and module manifest to its own file in order to
// prevent vendor hash from being updated whenever app bundle is updated
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
name: 'manifest',
chunks: ['vendor']
}),
// copy custom static assets
new CopyWebpackPlugin([
{
from: path.resolve(__dirname, '../static'),
to: config.build.assetsSubDirectory,
ignore: ['.*']
}
])
]
})
if (config.build.productionGzip) {
var CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin')
webpackConfig.plugins.push(
new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
asset: '[path].gz[query]',
algorithm: 'gzip',
test: new RegExp(
'\\.(' +
config.build.productionGzipExtensions.join('|') +
')$'
),
threshold: 10240,
minRatio: 0.8
})
)
}
if (config.build.bundleAnalyzerReport) {
var BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer').BundleAnalyzerPlugin
webpackConfig.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin())
}
module.exports = webpackConfig
上面分别是dev环境还有prod环境的配置,
他们都是基础base配置,不同点主要在于
- dev环境利用express在本地搭建了环境,启动了热更新服务
- prod环境js,html进行了压缩合并,减少了体积
- prod环境提取了公共js,提取了样式文件
4.路由的实现
使用vue-router进行单页面路由的控制
vue-router的相关概念介绍,就不一一介绍的,这边直接讲解vue-router在项目中的实现,具体的vue-router相关知识请参考vue-router官网
路由的使用在config.js文件中
export const router = new VueRouter({
mode: 'history',
routes,
});
mode为history表示使用h5 history模式,这样就不会出现#符号
不过history模式下面也有一些坑,具体可以参考
HTML5 History 模式
路由目录如下:
│ ├── routes 路由目录
│ │ └── auth 验证模块
│ │ └── index.js 验证模块入口
│ │ └── index 所有模块汇总
路由模块按照页面模块同步,如验证模块,保持跟页面模块一致,
一个模块下面放一个模块入口,里面的配置如下
const Login = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require('@/pages/auth/login')), 'auth');
const arr = [
{
path: '/login',
name: 'login.index',
component: Login,
// If the user needs to be a guest to view this page
meta: {
guest: true,
},
},
];
// Auth
export default arr;
const Login = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require('@/pages/auth/login')), 'auth');
这边结合 Vue 的 异步组件和 Webpack 的 code splitting feature, 轻松实现路由组件的懒加载。
有时候我们想把某个模块下的所有组件都打包在同个异步 chunk 中。只需要提供 require.ensure第三个参数作为 chunk 的名称即可
路由做了权限控制,对于需要登录之后才能打开的页面,
我们控制meta.auth 属性为true即可
export const router = new VueRouter({
mode: 'history',
routes,
});
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
if (to.matched.some(m => m.meta.auth) && !store.state.auth.authenticated) {
/*
* If the user is not authenticated and visits
* a page that requires authentication, redirect to the login page
*/
next({
name: 'login.index',
});
} else if (to.matched.some(m => m.meta.guest) && store.state.auth.authenticated) {
/*
* If the user is authenticated and visits
* an guest page, redirect to the dashboard page
*/
next({
name: 'home.index',
});
} else {
next();
}
});
5.Vuex状态管理
项目使用vuex进行状态管理,把一些公共行为,api交互相关的状态都封装在vuex中进行统一管理
vuex的相关概念介绍,就不一一介绍的,这边直接讲解vuex在项目中的实现,具体的vuex相关知识请参考vuex官网
vuex目录实现:
│ ├── store 应用级数据（state）
│ │ └── index.js 所有模块数据汇总
│ │ └── auth 验证相关数据模块
│ │ └── index.js 验证模块入口
│ │ └── mutation-types.js 类型
│ │ └── actions.js actions
│ │ └── mutations.js mutations
│ │ └── getters.js getters
│ │ └── state.js 默认状态
vuex按照数据模型进行划分
注: 这边的模块名称不必与页面模块相同,按照数据模型划分更为合理
这边简单介绍一下自己对于vuex流程的理解
1.首先就是我们在页面上必须通过action（行为）去改变数据状态,那么我们就需要定义action
/* ============
* Actions for the auth module
* ============
*
* The actions that are available on the
* auth module.
*/
import * as types from './mutation-types';
import Vue from 'vue';
import store from '@/store';
export const check = (
{ commit }) => {
commit(types.CHECK);
};
export const login = ({ commit }, payload) => {
/*
* Normally you would perform an AJAX-request.
* But to get the example working, the data is hardcoded.
*
* With the include REST-client Axios, you can do something like this:
* Vue.$http.post('/auth/login', user)
* .then((response) => {
* success(response);
* })
* .catch((error) => {
* failed(error);
* });
*/
const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const success = true;
if (success) {
commit(types.LOGIN, payload);
// 登录成功,触发存入用户信息
store.dispatch('account/setAccount');
Vue.router.push('/account');
resolve();
} else {
reject();
}
});
return promise;
};
export const logout = ({ commit }) => {
const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const success = true;
if (success) {
commit(types.LOGOUT);
resolve();
} else {
reject();
}
});
return promise;
};
export default {
check,
login,
logout,
};
2.更改 Vuex 的 store 中的状态的唯一方法是提交 mutation (变化)
每个 mutation 都有一个字符串的 事件类型 (type) 和 一个 回调函数 (handler)
/* ============
* Mutations for the auth module
* ============
*
* The mutations that are available on the
* account module.
*/
import Vue from 'vue';
import {
CHECK,
LOGIN,
LOGOUT,
} from './mutation-types';
export default {
[CHECK](state) {
state.authenticated = !!localStorage.getItem('id_token');
if (state.authenticated) {
Vue.$http.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = `Bearer ${localStorage.getItem('id_token')}`;
}
},
[LOGIN](state, token) {
state.authenticated = true;
localStorage.setItem('id_token', token);
Vue.$http.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = `Bearer ${token}`;
},
[LOGOUT](state) {
state.authenticated = false;
localStorage.removeItem('id_token');
Vue.$http.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = '';
},
};
3.mutation需要事件类型,那么我们就需要定义一个不可变的类型,这样可以避免类型冲突
/* ============
* Mutation types for the account module
* ============
*
* The mutation types that are available
* on the auth module.
*/
export const CHECK = 'CHECK';
export const LOGIN = 'LOGIN';
export const LOGOUT = 'LOGOUT';
export default {
CHECK,
LOGIN,
LOGOUT,
};
4.那么前面的数据变更都完成了,如何获取数据的变更了,这时候我们就需要getters了
/* ============
* Getters for the auth module
* ============
*
* The getters that are available on the
* auth module.
*/
export default {
isLogin: state => state.authenticated,
};
5.数据初始化的时候都为空,这时候我们要定义一些默认的状态,就需要state了
/* ============
* State of the auth module
* ============
*
* The initial state of the auth module.
*/
export default {
authenticated: false,
};
6.最后就是把当前模块导出了,在index里面实现
/* ============
* Auth Module
* ============
*/
import actions from './actions';
import getters from './getters';
import mutations from './mutations';
import state from './state';
export default {
namespaced: true,
actions,
getters,
mutations,
state,
};
7.在页面上如何绑定action还有获取getter呢？
import { mapActions, mapGetters } from 'vuex';
...
computed: {
...mapActions({
authLogout: 'auth/logout', // 映射 this.authLogout() 为 this.$store.dispatch('auth/logout')
}),
// 使用对象展开运算符将 getters 混入 computed 对象中
...mapGetters({
// 映射 this.auth/isLogin 为 store.getters.auth/isLogin
isLogin: 'auth/isLogin',
}),
},
我们通过mapGetters,mapActions辅助函数去实现
6.eslint在项目中的使用
项目集成了eslint,做代码规范的检查
项目的eslint目前继承了airbnb提供的规则验证
注:目前eslint集成在webpack环境中,项目启动的时候,如果有相关格式不符合规则,就会提示错误,这样的方案可能有些人不是很适应,那么可以通过注释下面的代码关闭eslint在webpack启动期间的运行
在webpack.base.conf.js中配置
// eslint检查配置 不需要可以注释
{
test: /\.(js|vue)$/,
loader: 'eslint-loader',
enforce: 'pre',
include: [resolve('src'), resolve('test')],
options: {
formatter: require('eslint-friendly-formatter')
}
},
不过个人建议还是在项目中集成eslint,好的代码习惯和风格,对于项目的阅读性,后期维护性还有扩展性都有很大的帮助
eslint可以加入一些自己个人的规则配置,在.eslintrc.js文件下修改,如下:
// http://eslint.org/docs/user-guide/configuring
module.exports = {
root: true,
parser: 'babel-eslint',
parserOptions: {
sourceType: 'module'
},
env: {
browser: true,
},
extends: 'airbnb-base',// 继承aribnb的配置
// required to lint *.vue files
plugins: [
'html'
],
// check if imports actually resolve
'settings': {
'import/resolver': {
'webpack': {
'config': 'build/webpack.base.conf.js'
}
}
},
// add your custom rules here 0表示关闭规则
'rules': {
'global-require': 0,
'import/first': 0,
'no-console': 0,
'no-param-reassign': 0,
'no-multi-assign': 0,
// don't require .vue extension when importing
'import/extensions': ['error', 'always', {
'js': 'never',
'vue': 'never'
}],
// allow optionalDependencies
'import/no-extraneous-dependencies': ['error', {
'optionalDependencies': ['test/unit/index.js']
}],
// allow debugger during development
'no-debugger': process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' ? 2 : 0
}
}
eslint一键格式化
npm run lint
运行上面命令就会根据eslint设置的规则格式化,建议在关闭eslint的同学,在上传代码之前都运行一下这个命令,这样可以保证大家代码风格的统一性
7.命名规范
组件样式命名: 统一采用 we(根据自己定制) 前缀 如: we-header
页面样式命名: 统一采用 page(根据自己定制) 前缀 如: page-login
文件命名: 统一采用-命名方式: 如: user-help
样式命名: 统一采用-命名方式: 如: .user-help
图片命名: 统一采用-命名方式: 如: .icon-help.png
8.总结
一个项目在初期框架选型的时候,就需要把目录结构,对应的命令规则,模块划分好,团队成员保持一样的代码风格去实现功能,这样后期的扩展性,健壮性才会比较好
所以在项目初期阶段,一定需要花一些时间与团队人员一起思考总结,把这些东西考虑到位
目前项目没有集成组件库,你可以根据自己的需要去集成一个符合自己项目的组件库
上面都是我自己目前在新项目中的一些思考,你可以根据你自己的喜好还有想法去做一些改进,希望可以给你一些帮助,如果有更好的建议欢迎一起留言讨论,感谢!!!
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