The boiling River  4 (4‘42)

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A bit sadistic(施虐的 虐待狂的),  aren't we?

有点残酷，难道不是吗？

 Leave them marinating（腌制 浸泡） for a little longer.

让他们再多腌制一会儿。

What's again, amazing are these temperatures.

另一个神奇之处便是这些温度。

They're similar to things that I've seen on volcanos all over the world and even super-volcanoes like Yellowstone.

他们与我所曾见过的世界上其它的火山很相似，甚至是想黄石这样的超级火山。

But here's the thing,

但是，问题来了。

 The data is showing that the boiling river exists independent of volcanism.

数据显示，沸腾和独立于火山而存在。

It's neither magmatic（岩浆的） or volcanic（火山的 后山引起的） in origin,

它的起源既不是岩浆也不是火山引起的。

and again, over 700 kilometers away from the nearest volcanic center.

再强调一次，距离最近的火山中心也有超过700公里远。

How can a boiling river exist like this?

像这样的一条沸腾河如何形成的呢？

I've asked geothermal experts and volcanologists（火山学家） for years, and I'm still unable to find another non-volcanic geothermal system of this magnitude（巨大 重大 重要性）.

这些年我曾问过很多地热专家和火山学家，仍然没能找到另一个如此巨大的非火山产生的地热系统。

It's unique.  it's special on a global scale.

它是独一无二的。在全球范围内是独特的。

So, still, how does it work?

所以，还是，它是如何运行的呢？

Where do we get this heat?

我们从哪里得到这些热量？

There's still more research to be done to better constrain the problem  and better understand the system.

还有很多调研需要人们来完成，去更好的控制这个问题，更好的理解这个系统。

but from what the data is telling us now, it looks to be result of a large hydrothermal (水热的 热液的)system.

但是目前的数据告诉我们，它看起来是大型的水热系统造成的。

Basically, it works like this, So, the deeper you go into the earth, the hotter it gets.

从本跟上说，它是如此运行的，越深入地球，温度越高。

We refer to this as the geothermal gradient（坡度 斜度）.

我们称之为地热梯度。

The waters could be coming from as far away as glacier（冰川） in the  Andes, then seeping down（渗入） deep into the earth and coming out.

这水可能来自遥远的安第斯山脉冰川融水，然后渗透进地球核心，再流淌出来。

to form the boiling river after getting heated up from the geothermal gradient. all due to this unique geologic setting（地质构造）.

在地热梯度的加热后形成沸腾河。所有这些都归功于这独特的地质构造。

Now,  we found that in and around the river, this is working with colleagues from National Geographic, Dr Spencer Wells, and Dr Jon Eisen from UC Davis.

现在，我们发现在这条河里及附近，我同几位来自国家地理的同事一起工作，有来自《国家地理》的威尔士博士，来自UC Davis的艾森博士，

We genetically sequenced the extremophile（嗜极生物） life forms living in and around the river, and have found new life forms, unique species living in the boiling river.

我们对生活在河里及周边的嗜极生物进行了基因排序，发现了新的生命形式，生活在沸腾河里的独特生物。

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1. What is the possible reason for the river boiling in the river?

....The water is heated by the geothermal gradient.

2. The magnitude of something is...the great size or importance of it.

3. 完形填空

I've asked geothermal experts and volcanologists for years, and I'm still unable to find another non-volcanic geothermal system of this magnitude.

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But again, despite all of these studies, all of these discoveries and the legends, a question remains.

但是，再一次，尽管所有的这些研究，这些发现和传说，问题热然存在，

What is the significance（重要性 意义） of the boiling river?

这条沸腾河的的存在意义是什么呢？

What is the significance  of this stationary cloud that always hovers over this patch of jungle?

这些笼罩在这片丛林上空的静止的云的存在意义是什么呢？

And what is the significance of the detail in the childhood legend?

童年时代听到的传说故事情节的意义又是什么？

To the shaman and his community, it's a sacred site.

对于萨满大师和那里的居民来说，它是一个神圣的地方。

To me, as a geoscientist, it's a unique geothermal phenomenon.

对于我，作为一名地球学家，它是一个独特的地热现象。

But to the illegal loggers and cattle farmers, it's just another resource to exploit.

但是对于非法伐木和养牛户来说，它仅仅是另一个亟待开发的资源。

And to the Peruvian government, it's just another stretch of unprotected land ready for development.

而对于秘鲁政府来说，它仅仅是另一个未被保护、等待被开发的地方而已。

My goal is to ensure that whoever controls this land understands the boiling river's uniqueness and significance.

我的目标是确保无论谁掌控这块土地，都能理解这块沸腾河的独特性与重要性。

Because that's the question, one of significance.

因为这才是问题之所在，重要性之一，

And  the thing there is, we define significance.

然而问题是，重要性由我们来定义。

It's us. We have that power.

是我们。我们拥有这个权利。

We are the ones who draw that line between the sacred and the trivial（微不足道的 不重要的）.

我们来划定神圣与微不足道。

And in this age, where everything seems mapped, measured and studied,

在这个时代，每个事物看起来都在地图上绘制过、测量过、研究过，

In this age of information,

在这个信息时代，

I remind you all that discoveries are not just made in the black void of the unknown but in the white noise of overwhelming data.

我提醒你们，所有的发现并不仅仅是存在于一片未知的黑暗中，而是在堆积如山的数据白早点中。

There remains so much to explore.

仍有很多亟待开发探索。

We live in an incredible world.

我们生活在一个不可思议的世界。

So go out, Be curious. 

所以，走出去，带着好奇心，

Because we do live in a world, where shamans still sing to the spirit of the jungle,

因为我们正生活在一个萨满大师仍为丛林精灵吟唱的世界，

where rivers do boil, and where legends do come to life.

河水沸腾，传说成为现实。

Thank you very much.

谢谢大家。

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1. What lesson does Ruzo expects his audience to walk away with(轻松获得 轻易赢得)?

....There are still great wonders to be discovered in the world.

2. What does the while noise of overwhelming data refer to?

...abundance irrelevant information.

3. 完形填空

And in this age, where everything seems mapped, measured and studies, in this age of informations, I remind you all that discoveries are not just made in the black void of the unknown but in the white noise of overwhelming data.

4. 听 复述

We are the ones who draw that line between the sacred and the trivial.

5. It is so far the largest non-volcanic boiling river ever discovered. 

6. To the illegal loggers and cattle farmers, it's just another resource to exploit.