The boiling River  3 (4‘43)

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I've been back every year since that first visit in 2011, and the field work（田野工作） has been exhilarating(使人兴奋的 令人高兴的), demanding and at the times dangerous.

自2011年第一次拜访后，每年我都会回来。田野工作很令人兴奋，有时也很危险。

One story was even featured in the Nations Geography magazine.

有一个故事甚至被刊登在国家地理杂志上。

I was trapped on a small rock about the size of sheer of paper in sandals and board shorts（滑板裤 沙滩裤）.

我被捆子困在了一张纸张大小的小岩石上，穿着凉鞋和滑板裤。

In between an 80 degree C river and a hot spring that,  well, looked like this, close to the boiling.

在80摄氏度的河水和接近沸点的热温泉中， 像这样，

And on top of that, it was Amazon rain forest. Pshh, pouring rain, couldn't see a thing.

然而除此之外，那是亚马逊雨林。倾盆大雨，什么也看不见。

The temperature differential(差额 差别) made it all white. It was a whiteout（乳白天空 临时失明）. Intense(十分强烈的 激烈的).

温差使一切看起来都是白色的，乳白色的天空，十分强烈。

Now, after years of work, I'll soon be submitting my geophysical（地球物理学） and geochemical studies for publication.

现在，经过多年研究，我即将发表关于地球物理学和化学的论文。

And I'd like to share today, with all of you here, on the TED stage, for the first time, some of these discoveries.

今天，我愿意在TED的舞台，与你们一起，第一次分享我的一些发现。

Well, first off, it's not a legend. Surprise！

好吧，首先，它不是一个传说。意想不到吧！

When I first started the research , the satellite imagery was too low - resolution to be meaningful. There were just no good maps.

当我第一次开始研究，卫星图像像素很低，决心很有意义。那时就没有好的地图。

Thanks to the support of Google Earth team, I now have this.

多亏了谷歌地图团队的支持，现在，我有了这个（屏幕上展示着清晰的地图）

No only that, the indigenous（本地的 当地的） name of the river, Shanay - timpishka(秘鲁的一条神秘河流名), boiled with the heat of the sun.

不仅仅是这张，当地名叫Shanay - timpishka的河流，太阳的热量煮开的河水，

indicating that I'm not the first to wonder why the river boils, and showing the humanity has always sought to（试图） explain the world around us.

说明我并不是第一个好奇为什么河水沸腾，也说明了人类总是试图去解释我们周遭的世界。

So why does the river boil?

所以为什么河水沸腾？

It actually took me three years to get that footage(连续镜头 片段).

它真真花费了我三年时间才拿到这个片段。

Fault-fed(地质断层) hot springs.

地质断层热温泉。

As we have hot blood running through our veins and arteries(动脉 干线), so, too, the earth has hot water running through its cracks and faults(故障 断层 犯规 缺点).

正如我流淌在我们动脉、静脉里的滚烫的热血一样，地球的岩石和断层中也流淌着热气腾腾的水流。

Where these arteries come to the surface, these earth arteries, we'll get geothermal  manifestations(显示 表明 显现), fumaroles（喷气孔）, hot springs and in our case, the boiling river.

What's truly incredible, though, is the scale of this place.

真正难以置信的事这条河流的规模。

Next time you cross the road, think about this.

下一次你穿越马路的时候，不妨想想这个。

The river flows wider than a two-lane(双车道) road along most of its path.

这条河的大部分流经地宽度都宽于双车道马路。

It flows hot for 6.24 kilometers.  Truly impressive. 

它流经的长度达6.24千米。着实叹为观止！

There are thermal pools larger than this TED stage and that waterfall you see there is six meters tall, and all with near boiling water.

有些温泉池比TED的舞台还要大，你看到的这个瀑布足有6米高，全部都是接近沸点的河水。

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1. What cause the whiteout?

....The difference in temperature between the rain and the water.

2. How does Ruzo help invade the river size to the audience?

...He campares the river with a two-lane road.

3. If an image is low-resolutions(地清晰度 低分辨率), it is...blurry.

4. 排序

1）I've been back every year since that first visit in 2011。

2）And the field work（田野工作） has been exhilarating.

3）One story was even featured in the Nations Geography magazine.

4）I was trapped on a small rock about the size of sheer of paper in sandals and board shorts.

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We mapped the temperatures along the river, and this was by far the most demanding part of the fieldwork.

And the results were just awesome. Sorry.

The geoscientist in me coming out. And it showed this amazing trend.

You see the river starts off cold. It then heats up, cools back down, heats up, cools back down, heats up again, and then has this beautiful decay curve until it smashes in to this cold river.

Now I understand not all of you are geothermal scientists, so to put it in more everyday terms.

Everyone loves coffee. Yes? Good.

Your regular cup of coffee, 54 degree C,  an extra- hot one, well, 60.

So, put it in coffee shop terms, the boiling river plots like this.

There you have your hot coffee. 

Here you have your extra-hot coffee, and you can see that there's a bit point there where the river is still  hotter than even the extra-hot coffee.

And these are average water temperatures. We took these in the dry season to ensure the purest geothermal temperatures.

But there's a magic number here that's not being shown, and that number is 47 degree C.

because that's where things start to hurt, and I know this from very personal experience.

Above that temperature, you don't want to get in that water. You need to be careful..

It can be deadly.

I‘ve seen all sorts of animals  fall in, and what's shocking to me, is the process is pretty much the same.

So they fall in and the first thing to go is the eyes.

Eyes, apparently, cook very quickly. They turns this milky-white color.

The stream is carrying them. They're trying to swim out, but their meat is  cooking on the bone, because it's so hot.

So they're losing power, losing power, losing power and.

until  finally they get to a pint where hot water goes into their mouth and they cook from the inside out.

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1. What happens when water reaches over 47 degree?

....It becomes hot enough to kill.

2. Why did Ruzo mapped the temperatures during the dry season?

...To ensure the validate temperature.

3. By saying " sorry, the geoscientist in me coming out", Ryzo suggests..

...he's passionate about what the dat shows.

4. 听 复述

When I first started the research , the satellite imagery was too low - resolution to be meaningful. 

5.  An indigenous language is a language that is spoken by the native people.

6. it indicates that humanity has always sought to explain the world around them.