So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
只要老师不能区分教和学，他们就会继续为孩子们承担只有孩子才能为自己做的事情。教孩子读书并不是把阅读传给他们，当然不是无休止地花时间在阅读上。道格拉斯坚持认为“阅读不能直接教，学校应该停止尝试做不可能的事情”。
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.
教和学是两个完全不同的过程，它们类型不同，功能上也不同。教的作用是创造条件和氛围，使儿童能够设计出最有效的阅读自学系统。教也是一项公共活动，可以看到和观察到。
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
学习阅读涉及到每个人为理解书面语言世界所做的一切。几乎所有这些都是私人的，因为学习是一种精神活动，这个过程公众无法查看。
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
如果教师和学生的角色不能互换，那么通过教学如何来帮助孩子探索知识？史密斯对所有教学指令都有一条主要规则。“让学习阅读变得容易，这意味着让孩子们的阅读成为一种有意义、愉快和频繁的体验。”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.
当老师和学生的角色可以被看见，当两个老师都恰当地履行时，双方的压力和失败感就会消除。当老师创造一个环境，让孩子们有机会通过阅读来解决学习阅读的问题时，学习阅读就会变得更容易。
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