SDWebImage源码学习-One

作者: c_xiaoqiang | 来源:发表于2015-07-13 19:45 被阅读2522次

    源码地址< https://github.com/rs/SDWebImage >
    SDWebImage提供UIImageView的category,支持从远程服务器下载及缓存图片资源

    SDWebImage功能:

    • UIImageView的category增加了Web图片下载缓存操作
    • 一个异步的图片加载器
    • 一个异步的内存+磁盘缓存策略
    • GIF图片支持
    • 支持WebP格式的图片
    • 后台图片解压缩处理
    • 确保同一个URL地址不会被重复下载
    • 确保一个假冒的URL地址不会被重复的请求
    • 确保主线程不会被阻塞
    • 使用GCD和ARC
    • Arm64的支持

    SDWebImageManager

    可以通过SDWebImageManager去下载缓存图片,它将一个下载器(SDWebImageDownloader)和一个图片缓存器(SDImageCache)绑定在一起。经常会使用到的分类UIImageView+WebCache也是基于它实现的。下面是一个官方示例:

    SDWebImageManager *manager = [SDWebImageManager sharedManager];
    [manager downloadWithURL:imageURL
                 options:0
                progress:nil
               completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) {
                   if (image) {
                       // do something with image
                   }
               }];
    

    SDWebImageManager绑定的下载器和图片缓存器都是只读性质,先看看在SDWebImageManager.h文件里面的定义是如何

    @interface SDWebImageManager : NSObject
    
    @property (weak, nonatomic) id <SDWebImageManagerDelegate> delegate;
    
    @property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) SDImageCache *imageCache;
    @property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) SDWebImageDownloader *imageDownloader;
    

    首先有一个delegate,其声明了两个可选的方法

    //选择控制哪个image该被下载,当发现image不在cache中的时候
    - (BOOL)imageManager:(SDWebImageManager *)imageManager shouldDownloadImageForURL:(NSURL *)imageURL;
    //允许对图片下载完后并且在存入缓存和磁盘前进行转换
    - (UIImage *)imageManager:(SDWebImageManager *)imageManager transformDownloadedImage:(UIImage *)image withURL:(NSURL *)imageURL;
    

    接下来看看SDWebImageManager主要下载图片的方法,返回值是一个遵循SDWebImageOperation协议类型的值

    - (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url
                                         options:(SDWebImageOptions)options
                                        progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
                                  completed:(SDWebImageCompletionWithFinishedBlock)completedBlock;
    

    progressBlock在图片正在下载的时候进行处理,completedBlock当图片下载完成后进行的处理。上面已经有个小例子,下面是block的声明

    typedef void(^SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize);//声明在SDWebImageDownloader.h文件中
    
    typedef void(^SDWebImageCompletionWithFinishedBlock)(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL);
    

    剩余的方法可以一并看看

    - (void)saveImageToCache:(UIImage *)image forURL:(NSURL *)url;//保存图片到cache
    - (void)cancelAll;//取消所有操作
    - (BOOL)isRunning;//检查是否有下载图片操作在运行
    - (BOOL)cachedImageExistsForURL:(NSURL *)url;//检查图片是否在cache中
    - (BOOL)diskImageExistsForURL:(NSURL *)url;//检查图片是否在磁盘中
    //检查图片是否在cache中,检查结束后进行block操作
    - (void)cachedImageExistsForURL:(NSURL *)url
                     completion:(SDWebImageCheckCacheCompletionBlock)completionBlock;
    //检查图片是否在磁盘中,检查结束后进行block操作
    - (void)diskImageExistsForURL:(NSURL *)url
                   completion:(SDWebImageCheckCacheCompletionBlock)completionBlock;
    - (NSString *)cacheKeyForURL:(NSURL *)url;//根据url返回cache的key值
    

    看完SDWebImageManager.h文件再看看SDWebImageManager.m文件里面一个遵循SDWebImageOperation协议的类SDWebImageCombinedOperation。

    @interface SDWebImageCombinedOperation : NSObject <SDWebImageOperation>
    //是否已经取消
    @property (assign, nonatomic, getter = isCancelled) BOOL cancelled;
    @property (copy, nonatomic) SDWebImageNoParamsBlock cancelBlock;
    //真正用来控制下载的operation
    @property (strong, nonatomic) NSOperation *cacheOperation;
    
    @end
    

    SDWebImageManager.m里面的大部分操作都是在下载图片的环节,通过SDImageCache和SDWebImageDownloader来实现。其它一些判断存在性的操作也很容易理解。

    typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, SDWebImageOptions) {
    //默认情况下,当URL下载失败,该URL会被列入黑名单,库就不会再去尝试获取该URL,该标记用来禁用黑名单
        SDWebImageRetryFailed = 1 << 0,
    //默认情况下,图片下载是在UI交互的时候,该标记用来禁用这个情况,这样子下载会延迟到UIScrollView减速的时候
        SDWebImageLowPriority = 1 << 1,
    //该标记禁用磁盘缓存
        SDWebImageCacheMemoryOnly = 1 << 2,
    //该标记用来渐进式下载,如果浏览器一样,图片在下载过程中渐渐显示。默认情况下是下载完一次性显示
        SDWebImageProgressiveDownload = 1 << 3,
    //即使图片已经缓存,也期望进行HTTP响应cache control并且如果有需要的话从远程地址更新图片数据
    //磁盘缓存将被NSURLCache处理而不是SDWebImage,因为SDWebImage会导致轻微的性能下载。
    //该标记帮助处理在请求同样的URL后面改变的图片。如果缓存图片被刷新,则完成的block会使用缓存图片再调用一次
        SDWebImageRefreshCached = 1 << 4,
    //IOS4+,程序进入后台后仍然进行下载图片,请求系统给予额外的时间进行下载,如果请求超时了,操作就会被取消
        SDWebImageContinueInBackground = 1 << 5,
    //通过设定NSMutableURLRequest.HTTPShouldHandleCookies = YES;来处理存储在NSHTTPCookieStore的cookies
        SDWebImageHandleCookies = 1 << 6,
    //该标记允许不受信任的SSL认证
        SDWebImageAllowInvalidSSLCertificates = 1 << 7,
    //默认情况下是按入队顺序下载,该标记可以让其优先下载
        SDWebImageHighPriority = 1 << 8
    //默认情况下,占位图片在图片被加载时同时被加载,这个标记会让占位图片在图片加载完后再加载
        SDWebImageDelayPlaceholder = 1 << 9,
    // 我们通常不调用动画图片的transformDownloadedImage代理方法,因为大多数转换代码可以使它变得糟糕。
    // 使用这个标记则在任何情况下都进行转换。
     SDWebImageTransformAnimatedImage = 1 << 10,
    };
    

    SDImageCache

    SD的缓存机制。首先来看看SDImageCache.h里面的一些声明。

    //定义Cache类型
    typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, SDImageCacheType) {
    //不使用cache获得图片,依然会从web下载图片
        SDImageCacheTypeNone,
    //图片从disk获得
        SDImageCacheTypeDisk,
    //图片从Memory中获得  
        SDImageCacheTypeMemory
    };
    

    接下来是一些变量的声明

    //这个变量默认值为YES,显示比较高质量的图片,但是会浪费比较多的内存,可以通过设置NO来缓解内存
    @property (assign, nonatomic) BOOL shouldDecompressImages;
    //总共的内存允许图片的消耗值
    @property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger maxMemoryCost;
    //图片存活于内存的时间初始化的时候默认为一周
    @property (assign, nonatomic) NSInteger maxCacheAge;
    //每次存储图片大小的限制
    @property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger maxCacheSize;
    

    看看SDImageCache的初始化

    - (id)initWithNamespace:(NSString *)ns {
    if ((self = [super init])) {
        NSString *fullNamespace = [@"com.hackemist.SDWebImageCache." stringByAppendingString:ns];
    
        // 初始化 PNG 的数据签名
        kPNGSignatureData = [NSData dataWithBytes:kPNGSignatureBytes length:8];
    
        // 创建IO队列
        _ioQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.hackemist.SDWebImageCache", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    
        //初始化清除缓存期限,默认一周
        _maxCacheAge = kDefaultCacheMaxCacheAge;
    
        // 初始化缓冲器
        _memCache = [[NSCache alloc] init];
        _memCache.name = fullNamespace;
    
        // 初始化磁盘缓存
        NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
        _diskCachePath = [paths[0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:fullNamespace];
    
        // 设置显示高质量图片
        _shouldDecompressImages = YES;
    
        dispatch_sync(_ioQueue, ^{
            _fileManager = [NSFileManager new];
        });
    
    #if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
        // 订阅通知事件
    //内存不足的时候清除缓存
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
                                                 selector:@selector(clearMemory)
                                                     name:UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification
                                                   object:nil];
    //期限到的时候清除缓存
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
                                                 selector:@selector(cleanDisk)
                                                     name:UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification
                                                   object:nil];
    
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
                                                 selector:@selector(backgroundCleanDisk)
                                                     name:UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification
                                                   object:nil];
    #endif
    }
    return self;}
    

    SDImageCache中用来存储图片的方法:

    - (void)storeImage:(UIImage *)image recalculateFromImage:(BOOL)recalculate imageData:(NSData *)imageData forKey:(NSString *)key toDisk:(BOOL)toDisk {
        if (!image || !key) {
           return;
        }
    //cost的值与maxCacheSize相关,如果大于这个值,则在缓存不足时会被清除
     [self.memCache setObject:image forKey:key cost:image.size.height * image.size.width * image.scale * image.scale];
      if (toDisk) {//图片是否存储到disk中
           dispatch_async(self.ioQueue, ^{
               NSData *data = imageData;
             if (image && (recalculate || !data)) {
    #if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
                 BOOL imageIsPng = YES;
                 if ([imageData length] >= [kPNGSignatureData length]) {
                       imageIsPng = ImageDataHasPNGPreffix(imageData);
                  }
        //根据图片格式,获取data数据
                    if (imageIsPng) {
                        data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
                    }
                    else {
                        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, (CGFloat)1.0);
                }
    #else
                    data = [NSBitmapImageRep representationOfImageRepsInArray:image.representations usingType: NSJPEGFileType properties:nil];
    #endif
            }
                if (data) {
                    if (![_fileManager fileExistsAtPath:_diskCachePath]) {
                        [_fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:_diskCachePath withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:NULL];              
                      }
            //存储路径和数据
                 [_fileManager createFileAtPath:[self defaultCachePathForKey:key] contents:data attributes:nil];
            }
        });
    }
    }
    

    几个获取缓存和清除缓存接口

    - (NSUInteger)getSize //获取磁盘缓存大小
    - (NSUInteger)getDiskCount //获取缓存图片数量
    - (void)clearMemory;//清除内存
    - (void)clearDiskOnCompletion:(SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completion;//清除缓存,不管到期与否,完成后操作
    - (void)clearDisk;//清除缓存,不管到期与否
    - (void)cleanDiskWithCompletionBlock:(SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completionBlock;//清除到期缓存图片,完成后操作
    - (void)cleanDisk;//清除到期缓存图片
    

    来个示例代码实现

    SDWebImageManager *manager = [SDWebImageManager sharedManager];
    [manager.imageCache setMaxMemoryCost:1000000];//设置总缓存大小,默认为0没有限制
    [manager.imageCache setMaxCacheSize:640000];//设置单个图片限制大小
    [manager.imageDownloader setMaxConcurrentDownloads:1];//设置同时下载线程数,这是下载器的内容,下面将会介绍
    [manager downloadImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://p9.qhimg.com/t01eb74a44c2eb43193.jpg"]
                          options:SDWebImageProgressiveDownload progress:^(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize) {
                              NSLog(@"%lu", receivedSize);
                          } completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) {
                              self.imageView1.image = image;
                              
                          }];
    [manager downloadImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://img.article.pchome.net/00/28/33/87/pic_lib/wm/kuanpin12.jpg"]
                          options:SDWebImageProgressiveDownload progress:^(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize) {
                              NSLog(@"%lu", receivedSize);
                          } completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) {
                              self.imageView2.image = image;
                              
                          }];
    NSUInteger size = [manager.imageCache getSize];
    NSUInteger count = [manager.imageCache getDiskCount];
    NSLog(@"size = %lu", size); // 644621(两张测试图片)
    NSLog(@"count = %lu", count); // 2
    [manager.imageCache clearDisk];
    size = [manager.imageCache getSize];
    count = [manager.imageCache getDiskCount];
    NSLog(@"sizeClean = %lu", size);  //  0
    NSLog(@"countClean = %lu", count);     //  0   这里使用的是clear
    

    SDImageCache中有根据键值对清除的方法

    - (void)removeImageForKey:(NSString *)key fromDisk:(BOOL)fromDisk withCompletion:(SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completion;
    

    还有一些根据key查询图片的方法

    - (NSOperation *)queryDiskCacheForKey:(NSString *)key done:(SDWebImageQueryCompletedBlock)doneBlock;
    - (UIImage *)imageFromMemoryCacheForKey:(NSString *)key;
    - (UIImage *)imageFromDiskCacheForKey:(NSString *)key;
    

    SDWebImageDownloader

    SDWebImageDownloader.h里面的一些定义

    //队列的下载方式
    typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, SDWebImageDownloaderExecutionOrder) {
        SDWebImageDownloaderFIFOExecutionOrder,//先进先出
        SDWebImageDownloaderLIFOExecutionOrder//后进先出
    };
    
    @property (assign, nonatomic) BOOL shouldDecompressImages;//与cache相同
    @property (assign, nonatomic) NSInteger maxConcurrentDownloads;//最大下载线程数
    @property (readonly, nonatomic) NSUInteger currentDownloadCount;//当前下载线程数
    @property (assign, nonatomic) NSTimeInterval downloadTimeout;//下载时间限制
    @property (assign, nonatomic) SDWebImageDownloaderExecutionOrder executionOrder;//下载方式,即FIFO、LIFO。
    //下载图片的方法
    - (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url
                                         options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options
                                        progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
                                       completed:(SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)completedBlock;
    

    其中有两个Block,SD对于它们的声明如下

    //对于下载进度进行反馈
    typedef void(^SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize);
    //完成后对图片和数据进行处理,如果出错,则进行出错处理
    typedef void(^SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)(UIImage *image, NSData *data, NSError *error, BOOL finished);
    

    SDWebImageDownloader中,用到了NSOperationQueue来作为操作队列,因此NSOperationQueue所有操作适用于SDWebImage。

    SDWebImageDownloaderOperation

    SDWebImageDownloaderOperation中实现NSURLConnectionDataDelegate协议来实现数据的下载,主要通过三个方法

    //连接成功
    - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
    //接收数据,.m文件中实现反馈给SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock数据长度
    - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
    //下载结束后,将结果反馈给SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock
    - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)aConnection
    

    暂时先写到这边,剩下的源码后续会继续总结

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      网友评论

      • 一1二2三3:和楼主碰到一样的问题
        我在viewWillAppear中设置了
        [[SDImageCache sharedImageCache] setShouldDecompressImages:NO];
        [[SDWebImageDownloader sharedDownloader] setShouldDecompressImages:NO];
        viewWillDisappear中设置了
        [[SDImageCache sharedImageCache] setShouldDecompressImages:YES];
        [[SDWebImageDownloader sharedDownloader] setShouldDecompressImages:YES];
        但是设置之后发现内存暴增的可怕。。。。 不知道是为什么

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