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四、Web开发(14)

四、Web开发(14)

作者: 吴国友 | 来源:发表于2018-05-03 07:43 被阅读18次

    9、使用外置的Servlet容器

    嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar

    ​ 优点:简单、便携;

    ​ 缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);

    外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat---应用war包的方式打包;

    步骤

    1)、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)

    2)、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;

    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
       <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    

    3)、必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法

    public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    
       @Override
       protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
           //传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
          return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
       }
    
    }
    

    4)、启动服务器就可以使用;

    原理

    jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;

    war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;

    servlet3.0(Spring注解版):

    8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:

    规则:

    ​ 1)、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:

    ​ 2)、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名

    ​ 3)、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;

    流程:

    1)、启动Tomcat

    2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

    Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

    3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;

    4)、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;

    5)、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法

    6)、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器

    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
          ServletContext servletContext) {
        //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
       SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
       StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
       environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
       builder.environment(environment);
       builder.main(getClass());
       ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
       if (parent != null) {
          this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
          servletContext.setAttribute(
                WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
          builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
       }
       builder.initializers(
             new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
       builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
        
        //调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
       builder = configure(builder);
        
        //使用builder创建一个Spring应用
       SpringApplication application = builder.build();
       if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
             .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
          application.getSources().add(getClass());
       }
       Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
             "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
                   + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
       // Ensure error pages are registered
       if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
          application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
       }
        //启动Spring应用
       return run(application);
    }
    

    7)、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

    public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
       StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
       stopWatch.start();
       ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
       FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
       configureHeadlessProperty();
       SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
       listeners.starting();
       try {
          ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
                args);
          ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
                applicationArguments);
          Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
          context = createApplicationContext();
          analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
          prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
                printedBanner);
           
           //刷新IOC容器
          refreshContext(context);
          afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
          listeners.finished(context, null);
          stopWatch.stop();
          if (this.logStartupInfo) {
             new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
                   .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
          }
          return context;
       }
       catch (Throwable ex) {
          handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
          throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
       }
    }
    

    ==启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用==

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