备注:
MongoDB 4.2 版本
一.mongo shell连接MongoDB
-- mongo shell连接本机MongoDB
mongo
-- mongo shell通过端口号连接本机MongoDB
mongo --port 27017
-- mongo shell通过ip及端口号连接MongoDB
mongo --host mongodb0.example.com --port 28015
eg:
mongo --host 10.31.1.124 --port 27017
mongo --host 10.31.1.124:27017
--username （用户名）
--password （密码）
--authenticationDatabase (认证数据库)
测试记录:
[root@10-31-1-124 mongodb]# mongo
MongoDB shell version v4.2.10
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("8230936a-78e2-4c50-88a8-8adc43b8e83c") }
MongoDB server version: 4.2.10
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
https://docs.mongodb.com/
Questions? Try the MongoDB Developer Community Forums
https://community.mongodb.com
Server has startup warnings:
2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
---
Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
---
>
[root@10-31-1-124 mongodb]# mongo --port 27017
MongoDB shell version v4.2.10
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("56b04cfe-dfcb-4985-acb9-5fec408d0dde") }
MongoDB server version: 4.2.10
Server has startup warnings:
2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
---
Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
---
>
[root@10-31-1-124 ~]# mongo --host 10.31.1.124 --port 27017
MongoDB shell version v4.2.10
connecting to: mongodb://10.31.1.124:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
2020-11-05T16:02:33.881+0800 E QUERY [js] Error: couldn't connect to server 10.31.1.124:27017, connection attempt failed: SocketException: Error connecting to 10.31.1.124:27017 :: caused by :: Connection refused :
connect@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:353:17
@(connect):2:6
2020-11-05T16:02:33.883+0800 F - [main] exception: connect failed
2020-11-05T16:02:33.883+0800 E - [main] exiting with code 1
[root@10-31-1-124 ~]#
发现通过IP连接的发生了错误
原因是绑定的Ip地址的问题，默认是127.0.0.1，多个IP地址用逗号分隔
修改配置文件:
# network interfaces
net:
port: 27017
bindIp: 10.31.1.124,127.0.0.1 # Enter 0.0.0.0,:: to bind to all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses or, alternatively, use the net.bindIpAll setting.
重新测试，发现无问题
[root@10-31-1-124 ~]# mongo --host 10.31.1.124 --port 27017
MongoDB shell version v4.2.10
connecting to: mongodb://10.31.1.124:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("06e9c28b-cbb5-4dc0-9fdd-d2801665454d") }
MongoDB server version: 4.2.10
Server has startup warnings:
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
---
Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
---
二.配置mongo shell
还有一些其它配置，目前看这个配置比较有用，先使用这个
自定义提示以显示数据库和主机名
host = db.serverStatus().host;
prompt = function() {
return db+"@"+host+"$ ";
}
测试记录:
> host = db.serverStatus().host;
10-31-1-124
> prompt = function() {
... return db+"@"+host+"$ ";
... }
function() {
return db+"@"+host+"$ ";
}
test@10-31-1-124$
test@10-31-1-124$
三.使用 mongo Shell帮助
-- 命令行帮助
mongo --help
-- shell 帮助
help
-- 数据库帮助
show dbs
db.help()
-- 表级别的帮助
show collections
db.collections.help()
db.collection.save
测试记录:
[root@10-31-1-124 ~]# mongo --help
MongoDB shell version v4.2.10
usage: mongo [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js)]
db address can be:
foo foo database on local machine
192.168.0.5/foo foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine
192.168.0.5:9999/foo foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999
mongodb://192.168.0.5:9999/foo connection string URI can also be used
Options:
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by
default)
--host arg server to connect to
--port arg port to connect to
-h [ --help ] show this usage information
--version show version information
--verbose increase verbosity
--shell run the shell after executing files
--nodb don't connect to mongod on startup - no
'db address' arg expected
--norc will not run the ".mongorc.js" file on
start up
--quiet be less chatty
--eval arg evaluate javascript
--disableJavaScriptJIT disable the Javascript Just In Time
compiler
--enableJavaScriptJIT enable the Javascript Just In Time
compiler
--disableJavaScriptProtection allow automatic JavaScript function
marshalling
--retryWrites automatically retry write operations
upon transient network errors
--disableImplicitSessions do not automatically create and use
implicit sessions
--jsHeapLimitMB arg set the js scope's heap size limit
Authentication Options:
-u [ --username ] arg username for authentication
-p [ --password ] arg password for authentication
--authenticationDatabase arg user source (defaults to dbname)
--authenticationMechanism arg authentication mechanism
--gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb) Service name to use when authenticating
using GSSAPI/Kerberos
--gssapiHostName arg Remote host name to use for purpose of
GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
FLE AWS Options:
--awsAccessKeyId arg AWS Access Key for FLE Amazon KMS
--awsSecretAccessKey arg AWS Secret Key for FLE Amazon KMS
--awsSessionToken arg Optional AWS Session Token ID
--keyVaultNamespace arg database.collection to store encrypted
FLE parameters
--kmsURL arg Test parameter to override the URL for
KMS
TLS Options:
--tls use TLS for all connections
--tlsCertificateKeyFile arg PEM certificate/key file for TLS
--tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword arg Password for key in PEM file for TLS
--tlsCAFile arg Certificate Authority file for TLS
--tlsCRLFile arg Certificate Revocation List file for TLS
--tlsAllowInvalidHostnames Allow connections to servers with
non-matching hostnames
--tlsAllowInvalidCertificates Allow connections to servers with
invalid certificates
--tlsFIPSMode Activate FIPS 140-2 mode at startup
--tlsDisabledProtocols arg Comma separated list of TLS protocols to
disable [TLS1_0,TLS1_1,TLS1_2]
file names: a list of files to run. files have to end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified
[root@10-31-1-124 ~]#
> help
db.help() help on db methods
db.mycoll.help() help on collection methods
sh.help() sharding helpers
rs.help() replica set helpers
help admin administrative help
help connect connecting to a db help
help keys key shortcuts
help misc misc things to know
help mr mapreduce
show dbs show database names
show collections show collections in current database
show users show users in current database
show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
show logs show the accessible logger names
show log [name] prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default
use <db_name> set current database
db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo
db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1
it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x set default number of items to display on shell
exit quit the mongo shell
>
> db.help()
DB methods:
db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to 'admin' db, and runs command [just calls db.runCommand(...)]
db.aggregate([pipeline], {options}) - performs a collectionless aggregation on this database; returns a cursor
db.auth(username, password)
db.cloneDatabase(fromhost) - will only function with MongoDB 4.0 and below
db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command
db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost) - will only function with MongoDB 4.0 and below
db.createCollection(name, {size: ..., capped: ..., max: ...})
db.createUser(userDocument)
db.createView(name, viewOn, [{$operator: {...}}, ...], {viewOptions})
db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db
db.dropDatabase(writeConcern)
db.dropUser(username)
db.eval() - deprecated
db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups
db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock()
db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname
db.getCollectionInfos([filter]) - returns a list that contains the names and options of the db's collections
db.getCollectionNames()
db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string
db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object
db.getLogComponents()
db.getMongo() get the server connection object
db.getMongo().setSecondaryOk() allow queries on a replication secondary server
db.getName()
db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated
db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold
db.getReplicationInfo()
db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one
db.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this db, inherited from server object if set
db.hostInfo() get details about the server's host
db.isMaster() check replica primary status
db.hello() check replica primary status
db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db
db.listCommands() lists all the db commands
db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js
db.logout()
db.printCollectionStats()
db.printReplicationInfo()
db.printShardingStatus()
db.printSecondaryReplicationInfo()
db.resetError()
db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into {cmdObj: 1}
db.serverStatus()
db.setLogLevel(level,<component>)
db.setProfilingLevel(level,slowms) 0=off 1=slow 2=all
db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output
db.setWriteConcern(<write concern doc>) - sets the write concern for writes to the db
db.shutdownServer()
db.stats()
db.unsetWriteConcern(<write concern doc>) - unsets the write concern for writes to the db
db.version() current version of the server
db.watch() - opens a change stream cursor for a database to report on all changes to its non-system collections.
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