苏州有条著名的观前街,顾名思义是某观前的街道,而这观就是玄妙观。今天(2023年10月21日)是个好日子,周末,天气晴好,特此从无锡专程前往。
玄妙观创建于西晋咸宁二年(公元276年),极盛时有殿宇30 余座,是西晋时期最大的道观。最初名叫“真庆道院”,后来曾改称为“开元宫”、“天庆观”。公元1295年元朝皇帝下令改为玄妙观,以《老子》书中「玄之又玄,众妙之门」之意,取「玄」、「妙」二字命名。清康熙时为避讳改称圆妙观,民国时候改回玄妙观。玄妙观三字为元朝大书法家赵孟頫所题写。
三清殿供奉的是道家神仙三清:玉清元始天尊、上清灵宝天尊、太清道德天尊,乃道教诸天界中最高者。三清即道教对此三尊的合称,其塑像中为手执红色丹丸的元始天尊,左为手捧如意的灵宝天尊。
玄妙观现有山门、三清殿、弥罗宝阁及21座配殿。南宋淳熙六年(1179年)重建的主殿三清殿面阔9间,进深6间,高约30米,建筑面积1125平方米,重檐歇山,巍峨壮丽,是江南一带现存最大的宋代木构建筑。
观内保存有大量各朝古碑,其中有老子像石刻,为唐吴道子绘像, 唐玄宗题赞,颜真卿书,由宋代刻石高手张允迪摹刻,可称“四绝”碑,是国内仅存的两块老子像碑之一。
三清殿前的「丁丁石栏杆」,素有「姑苏第一名栏杆」之誉。它始建于五代,由38根莲花柱、30块镂空扶栏石、东西12块浮雕石坐栏、6道斜形扶栏坤石组成,取材于色彩素雅、青白相间的江南青石,与黄墙黛瓦、赭漆门楣的三清大殿相互辉映,浑然天成。浮雕生动,章法完整,为江南罕见的艺术品。据传,当年主持建造北京紫金城三大殿的苏州著名匠人蒯祥,即是以「丁丁石栏杆」为设计参照样板,建造了三大殿前那气恢宏的汉白玉栏杆群。不过自己没有十分在意,好在位于收费和免费分界之处,下次可以免费仔细欣赏。
小贴士:
交通:乘坐地铁4号线到察院场站2号出口步行至玄妙观内
门票:三清大殿需要购票10元,包括左右两侧的文昌大殿和太岁大殿。
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