结合开源python版本的uiautomator
前言
蓝牙重连专项中，涉及开关手机蓝牙、开关飞行模式、开关手机、超范围等场景，每一项执行次数5或者20次视情况而定，手工操作较繁琐，首先考虑脚本执行，以工具的形式进行辅助测试，节约人力和时间。
实现手段
整个脚本使用python 语言，结合xiaocong用python封装的开源uiautomator。场景操作中，借助辅助app实现操作手机的部分控件，避免过多兼容性问题出现。
python版uiautomator简单说明
版本信息：v0.3.2
Github地址： https://github.com/xiaocong/uiautomator
安装:pip install uiautomator
已安装库，更新库：pip install --upgrade uiautomator
使用：
设备操作
d.press.home()或者d.press(＂home”)
d.press.back（）
截图
d.screenshot(）
UI对象操作
#定位元素
d(text='Clock', className='android.widget.TextView')#元素对象text为'Clock'，className为=ndroid.widget.TextView
#其他可用属性
text
textContains
textMatches
textStartsWith
className
classNameMatches
description
descriptionContains
descriptionMatches
descriptionStartsWith
checkable
checked
clickable
longClickable
scrollable
enabled
focusable
focused
selected
packageName
packageNameMatches
resourceId
resourceIdMatches
index
instance
延长等待或者直接判断元素是否存在
# 等待timeout时长直到元素出现
d(text="Settings").wait.exists(timeout=3000)
# 等待timeout时长，直到元素消失
d(text="Settings").wait.gone(timeout=1000)
# 存在返回true，否则返回false
d(text="Settings").exists
d.exists(text="Settings") # alias of above property.
Watcher 的使用
#当一个选择器找不到匹配的元素时才执行
d.watcher("AUTO_FC_WHEN_ANR").when(text="ANR").when(text="Wait") \
.click(text="Force Close")
d.watcher("AUTO_FC_WHEN_ANR").when(text="ANR").when(text="Wait") \
.press.back.home()
以上仅列举常用的ui操作方法，完整的内容介绍需要查看github上的说明，不过可以肯定的是，uiautomator并不会包含所有方法，例如连续点击等，若有需求，则需要自行实现或者选择其他的开源框架，另外原作者未在维护，使用过程中会存在一定的问题，需要自己阅读源码稍加修改，下面我会就整个过程中遇到的问题做一个汇总。
实现过程中遇到的坑
-
界面控件存在，但点击不中
精准定位和快速定位的问题
借助调用一下dump(compressed=False)方法来间接的调setCompressedLayoutHeirarchy(compressed=False)
原方法解释
#setCompressedLayoutHeirarchy
void setCompressedLayoutHeirarchy (boolean compressed)
Enables or disables layout hierarchy compression. If compression is enabled,
the layout hierarchy derived from the Acessibility framework will only
contain nodes that are important for uiautomator testing. Any unnecessary
surrounding layout nodes that make viewing and searching the hierarchy
inefficient are removed.
以上方法实现后，部分手机偶尔找不到控件，可通过按home键，切换其他界面，找寻控件时适当增加延时等方法实现，增加找寻控件的成功率
-
部分手机老是弹安装uiautomator apk权限框，无法执行，或者
rpc service can be restarted，或者运行过程中卡住
例如：oppo、vivo系列手机在执行前或者执行中，老是弹安装uiautomator apk权限框，无法继续执行，相对来说，海外手机比国内手机在自动化执行时顺畅多了，没办法，权限嘛
追溯该问题源头，见__init__.py文件中的该方法，当sdk 版本超过18时，需要安装app-uiautomator.apk和app-uiautomator-test.apk,那么问题来了，为什么需要安装这2个apk呢？
有经验的人可知道，app-uiautomator.apk和app-uiautomator-test.apk是uiautomator 2.0的的辅助apk，查看了一下github，这2个文件也是后来人添加上去的，原作者的使用的是uiautomator 1.0，这里不好猜测后面人为什么添加，到目前为止，我是没有找到添加的理由，当然有知道的人可以告诉我，十分感谢。
def start(self, timeout=5):
if self.sdk_version() < 18:
files = self.push()
cmd = list(itertools.chain(
["shell", "uiautomator", "runtest"],
files,
["-c", "com.github.uiautomatorstub.Stub"]
))
else:
self.install()
cmd = ["shell", "am", "instrument", "-w",
"com.github.uiautomator.test/android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"]
self.uiautomator_process = self.adb.cmd(*cmd)
self.adb.forward(self.local_port, self.device_port)
解决方案：
在__init__.py文件中
-
stop()方法中，增加卸载jar包的方法,见后续代码 -
start()方法中去掉else流程，我是直接将if self.sdk_version() < 18:更改为if True or self.sdk_version() < 18:
def stop(self):
'''Stop the rpc server.'''
if self.uiautomator_process and self.uiautomator_process.poll() is None:
res = None
try:
res = urllib2.urlopen(self.stop_uri)
print("res={}".format(res))
self.uiautomator_process.wait()
except:
self.uiautomator_process.kill()
finally:
if res is not None:
res.close()
self.uiautomator_process = None
try:
print("find uiautomator ps ? ")
out = self.adb.cmd("shell", "ps", "-C", "uiautomator").communicate()[0].decode("utf-8").strip().splitlines()
if out:
index = out[0].split().index("PID")
for line in out[1:]:
if len(line.split()) > index:
print(line.split()[index])
self.adb.cmd("shell", "kill", "-9", line.split()[index]).wait()
print("stop()后,新增执行卸载")
package_names = ["com.github.uiautomator","com.github.uiautomator.test"]
for pkg in package_names:#新增
self.adb.cmd("uninstall", pkg).wait()
except:
pass
-
多线程调用Subprocess.popen()时，提示win报错： if _WaitForSingleObject(self._handle, 0) == _WAIT_OBJECT_0: OSError: [WinError 6] 句柄无效
解决方案：
window系统电脑， 注释掉subprocess.py中的 _cleanup（）方法
原文解释
When Popen is called it does some internal cleanup via the _cleanup function, which checks to see if any
deleted Popen instances are still running and tries to wait on them and get the exit status. This is really only
required on Unix systems to avoid zombies. On Windows it suffices to let the Popen instance get
collected which in turn collects the Handle instance for the process handle, which calls CloseHandle,
and that's it. If the handle is invalid, that's weird and shouldn't happen, but it's an error we could ignore on
Windows.When Popen is called it does some internal cleanup via the _cleanup function, which checks to
see if any deleted Popen instances are still running and tries to wait on them and get the exit status. This is
really only required on Unix systems to avoid zombies. On Windows it suffices to let the Popen instance get
collected which in turn collects the Handle instance for the process handle, which calls CloseHandle, and
that's it. If the handle is invalid, that's weird and shouldn't happen, but it's an error we could ignore on Windows.
-
部分手机在执行完毕等待期间会锁屏，影响下一次ui操作
借助adb命令辅助判断手机屏幕状态，可通过以下命令
dumpsys window policy|findstr isStatusBarKeyguard #若是linux系统，则用grep
dumpsys window policy|findstr mShowingLockscreen
可封装成
#解锁状态isStatusBarKeyguard和mShowingLockscreen_status均为false
def get_device_lock_status(self):
_,isStatusBarKeyguard=self.shell("dumpsys window policy|{} isStatusBarKeyguard".format(self.__find))
isStatusBarKeyguard_status=re.findall(r"(?<=isStatusBarKeyguard=)(\w+)",isStatusBarKeyguard)
_,mShowingLockscreen=self.shell("dumpsys window policy|{} mShowingLockscreen".format(self.__find))
mShowingLockscreen_status=re.findall(r"(?<=mShowingLockscreen=)(\w+)",mShowingLockscreen)
if isStatusBarKeyguard_status and mShowingLockscreen_status:
return (ast.literal_eval(isStatusBarKeyguard_status[0].capitalize()) or ast.literal_eval(mShowingLockscreen_status[0].capitalize()))
elif isStatusBarKeyguard_status:
return ast.literal_eval(isStatusBarKeyguard_status[0].capitalize())
else:
return ast.literal_eval(mShowingLockscreen_status[0].capitalize())
-
部分手机执行报错：uiautomator.JsonRPCError: JsonRPC Error code: 0, Message: java.lang.SecurityException: Injecting to another application requires INJECT_EVENTS permissio
例如：红米note2 ，手机特性，允许通过usb安装及usb调试需要有SIM卡才能打开，否则无法安装
结束语
每一次实践都是一次修行，认真思考、认真总结
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