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python微服务sanic 使用异步zipkin(1)

python微服务sanic 使用异步zipkin(1)

作者: 非梦nj | 来源:发表于2019-01-31 19:38 被阅读12次

    参考:基于sanic的微服务框架 - 架构分析
    Win10内置Ubuntu,完美使用Docker in Windows

    关键字:python sanic 微服务 异步 zipkin
    所需环境:python3.7, Docker, Linux or WSL

    较早的异步框架是aiohttp,它提供了server端和client端,对asyncio做了很好的封装。但是开发方式和最流行的微框架flask不同,flask开发简单,轻量,高效。将两者结合起来就有了sanic。
    Sanic框架是和Flask相似异步协程框架,简单轻量,并且性能很高。

    微服务解决了复杂性问题,提高开发效率,便于部署等优点。opentracing作为分布式追踪系统应用事实上的标准,适合收集log,分析微服务的瓶颈。


    image.png

    OpenZipkin / Jaeger 都是opentracing具体实现的工具。

    image.png
    image.png

    在上一篇【基于sanic的微服务框架 - 架构分析】中,使用了完全手写的wrapper,来产生opentracing log。
    Python的一个原则:不要重复发明轮子!

    Python有许多OpenZipkin的实现,https://zipkin.io/pages/tracers_instrumentation.html
    py_zipkin pyramid_zipkin swagger_zipkin flask_zipkin aiozipkin

    既然是异步框架,那我们选择异步的aiozipkin吧。

    特性:

    • 完全异步,Distributed tracing capabilities to asyncio applications.
    • 支持zipkin v2 协议
    • API简洁
    • 显式context handling, no thread local variables.
    • 支持输入到zipkin, jaeger and stackdriver through zipkin compatible API

    aiohttp入门

    创建service服务、tracer:

    import aiozipkin as az
    az.create_endpoint('sanic_app', ipv4=host, port=port)
    tracer = await az.create(zipkin_address, endpoint, sample_rate=1.0)
    

    创建新的span:

    with tracer.new_trace(sampled=True) as span:
            span.name('root_span')       # operation 操作名
            span.tag('span_type', 'root') # 打标签,key/value格式
            span.kind(az.CLIENT)          # kind
            span.annotate('SELECT * FROM')  # 支持log
            # imitate long SQL query
            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
            span.annotate('start end sql')
    

    创建级联span:

    with tracer.new_child(span.context) as nested_span:
                nested_span.name('nested_span_1')
                nested_span.kind(az.CLIENT)
                nested_span.tag('span_type', 'inner1')
                nested_span.remote_endpoint('broker', ipv4='127.0.0.1', port=9011)
                await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
    

    aiohttp session访问,直接创建request span (GET/POST):

    tracer = az.get_tracer(request.app)
    span = az.request_span(request)
    

    span Inject (适用于RPC访问其它服务,可以一目了然地看到各微服务之间的调用关系):

    headers = span.context.make_headers() # Inject
    message = {'payload': 'click', 'headers': headers}
    aiohttp.session.post(backend_service, json=message),
    

    span Extract(适用于接收RPC访问):

        message = await request.json()
        headers = message.get('headers', None)
        context = az.make_context(headers)                # Extract
    
        with tracer.new_child(context) as span_consumer:
            span_consumer.name('consumer event')         # operation 操作名
            span_consumer.remote_endpoint('broker', ipv4='127.0.0.1', port=9011)  # 子服务
            span_consumer.kind(az.CONSUMER)
    

    集成到Sanic程序

    完整程序:https://github.com/kevinqqnj/sanic-ms/blob/master/develop/sanic_aiozipkin_test.py

    1. 创建aio_zipkin实例:
    @app.listener('before_server_start')
    async def init(app, loop):
        tracer = await az.create(zipkin_address, endpoint, sample_rate=1.0)
        trace_config = az.make_trace_config(tracer)
        app.aiohttp_session = aiohttp.ClientSession(trace_configs=[trace_config], loop=loop)
        app.tracer = tracer
    
    1. 访问/地址,会创建一条zipkin trace(含一条子trace)
    @app.route("/")
    async def test(request):
        request['aiozipkin_span'] = request
        with app.tracer.new_trace() as span:
            span.name(f'HTTP {request.method} {request.path}')
            print(span)
            url = "https://www.163.com"
            with app.tracer.new_child(span.context) as span_producer:
                span_producer.kind(az.PRODUCER)
                span_producer.name('produce event click')
            return response.text('ok')
    
    1. 试试看!
    • 安装python依赖(要求Python 3):
      pip install sanic aiohttp aiozipkin

    • 使用docker运行zipkin或Jaeger:
      docker run -d -p9411:9411 openzipkin/zipkin:latest
      or
      docker run -d -e COLLECTOR_ZIPKIN_HTTP_PORT=9411 -p5775:5775/udp -p6831:6831/udp -p6832:6832/udp -p5778:5778 -p16686:16686 -p14268:14268 -p9411:9411 jaegertracing/all-in-one

    • 运行app: python sanic_aiozipkin_test.py

    • 然后打开另一终端:curl localhost:8000/

    • 浏览器里,查看Zipkin UI:


      image.png
    1. 创建/2地址,把HTTP request抽象出来,包装一下:
    def request_span(request):
        with app.tracer.new_trace() as span:
            span.name(f'HTTP {request.method} {request.path}')
            kwargs = {
                'http.path':request.path,
                'http.method':request.method,
                'http.path':request.path,
                'http.route':request.url,
                'peer.ip':request.remote_addr or request.ip,
                'peer.port':request.port,
            }
            [span.tag(k, v) for k,v in kwargs.items()]
            span.kind(az.SERVER)
            return span
    
    @app.route("/2")
    async def tes2(request):
        request['aiozipkin_span'] = request
        span = request_span(request)
        with app.tracer.new_child(span.context) as span_producer:
            span_producer.kind(az.PRODUCER)
            span_producer.name('produce event click')
        return response.text('ok')
    

    访问:curl localhost:8000/2
    这次换用Jaeger来查看:

    image.png

    Next:创建Sanic plugin

    aiozipkin集成到Sanic里,是不是很简单?
    但大家有没有觉得,每个Http request、每个method call、或者RPC访问(trace inject/extract),都要手动码代码,是不是很low很低效啊?
    好,下一篇我们就来创建一个Sanic Plugin,app里直接用装饰器就行了。
    原型已写好,暂时取名sanic_zipkin

    from sanic_zipkin import SanicZipkin, logger, sz_rpc
    
    app = Sanic(__name__)
    sz = SanicZipkin(app, service='service-a')
    
    @app.route("/")
    async def index(request):
        return response.json({"hello": "from index"})
    
    @logger()
    async def db_access(context, data):
        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        print(f'db_access done. data: {data}')
        return
    
    @sz.route("/2")
    async def method_call(request, context):
        await db_access(context, 'this is method_call data')
        return response.json({"hello": 'method_call'})
    

    第二篇: python微服务sanic 使用异步zipkin(2)- 创建Sanic plugin:sanic_zipkin
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/bbb09e46a747

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